Mindfulness and Self-Compassion Based Interventions for Substance Use Disorders: A Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v12i1.7298Keywords:
Substance Use Disorders, Substance Use, Substance Abuse, Self-Compassion-Based Intervention, Mindfulness-Based InterventionAbstract
This literature review examines eight peer reviewed studies reporting on the efficacy of mindfulness-based and self-compassion-based interventions for adults diagnosed with substance use disorders. Prevalence of substance use disorders is provided, and relevant definitions are discussed. The syndrome model of addiction is advanced as an etiological explanation, and the search methodology described. Results of this literature review support mindfulness training as an effective intervention for substance use disorders. Only one study supporting self-compassion as an effective intervention for substance use disorders was reviewed so it is not possible at this time to make a judgment regarding the efficacy of that intervention. Limitations of this body of literature include attrition, unmatched treatment conditions, and lack of fidelity measures. Recommendations include more self-compassion research, more use of fidelity scales in intervention research, and greater use of mindfulness-based interventions in substance use disorder treatment.
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References
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Anton, R. F. (1999). What is craving? Models and implications for treatment. Alcohol Research and Health, 23(3), 165-173.
Arria, A., Vincent, K., & Caldeira, K. (2009). Measuring liability for substance use disorder among college students: Implications for screening and early intervention. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 35(4), 233-241.
Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, Department of Health and Human Services. (1999) Blending perspectives and building common ground: A report to congress on substance abuse and child protection retrieved from: http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/subabuse99/chap2.htm
Baer, R. A. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology-science and Practice, 10, 125-143.
Baer, R., Smith, G., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27-45.
Bellg, A. J., Borrelli, B., Resnick, B., Hecht, J., Minicucci, D. S., Ory, M., . . . Czajkowski, S. (2004). Enhancing treatment fidelity in health behavior change studies: Best practices and recommendations from the NIH behavior change consortium. Health Psychology, 23(5), 443-451.
Bowen, S., Chawla, N., Collins, S., Witkiewitz, K., Hsu, S., Grow, J., . . . Marlatt, A. (2009). Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for substance use disorders: A pilot efficacy trial. Substance Abuse, 30(4), 295-305.
Bowen, S., & Marlatt, A. (2009). Surfing the urge: Brief mindfulness-based intervention for college student smokers. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 23(4), 666-671.
Bowen, S., Witkiewitz, K., Clifasefi, S., Grow, J., Chawla, N., Hsu, S., . . . Larimer, M. (2014). Relative efficacy of mindfulness-based relapse prevention, standard relapse prevention, and treatment as usual for substance use disorders. JAMA Psychiatry, 71(5), 547-556.
Bowen, S., Witkiewitz, K., Dillworth, T., Chawla, N., Simpson, T., Ostafin, B., . . . Marlatt, G. (2006). Mindfulness meditation and substance use in an incarcerated population. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 20(3), 343-347.
Brewer, J., Mallik, S., Babuscio, T., Nich, C., Johnson, H., Deleone, C., . . . Rounsaville, B. (2011). Mindfulness training for smoking cessation: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 119, 72-80.
Brooks, M., Kay-Lambkin, F., Bowman, J., & Childs, S. (2012). Self-compassion amongst clients with problematic alcohol use. Mindfulness, 3(4), 308-317.
Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. (2012). Addiction medicine: closing the gap between science and practice. Retrieved from: http://www.casacolumbia.org/addiction-research/reports/addiction-medicine
Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. (2009). Shoveling Up II: The Impact of Substance Abuse on Federal, State and Local Budgets. Retrieved from: http://www.casacolumbia.org/addiction-research/reports/shoveling-ii-impact-substance- abuse-federal-state-and-local-budgets
Chawla, N., Collins, S., Bowen, S., Hsu, S., Grow, J., Douglass, A., & Marlatt, G. A. (2010). The mindfulness-based relapse prevention adherence and competence scale: Development, interrater reliability, and validity. Psychotherapy Research, 20(4), 388
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Davis, J., Goldberg, S., Anderson, M., Manley, A., Smith, S., & Baker, T. (2014). Randomized trial on mindfulness training for smokers targeted to a disadvantaged population. Substance Use & Misuse, 49, 571-585.
Davis, J., Manley, A., Goldberg, S., Smith, S., & Jorenby, D. (2014). Randomized trial comparing mindfulness training for smokers to a matched control. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 47, 213-221.
Hall, C., Row, K., Wuensch, K., & Godley, K. (2013). The role of self-compassion in physical and psychological well-Being. The Journal of Psychology, 147(4), 311-323.
Hawkins, J., Catalano, R., & Miller, J. (1992). Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: Implications for substance abuse prevention. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 64-105.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2012). Mindfulness for beginners: Reclaiming the present moment—and your life. Boulder, CO: Sounds True.
Kelly, A., Zuroff, D., Foa, C., & Gilbert, P. (2010). Who benefits from training in self- compassionate self-regulation? A study of smoking reduction. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29(7), 727-755.
Marlatt, G., Baer, J., Donovan, D. & Kivlahan, D. (1988). Addictive behaviors: Etiology and treatment. Annual Review of Psychology, 39, 223-252.
McLellan, A., Lewis, D., O'brien, C., & Kleber, H. (2000). Drug dependence, a chronic medical illness. JAMA, 284(13), 1689-1695.
McLellan, A. (2002). Have we evaluated addiction treatment correctly? Implications from a chronic care perspective. Addiction, 97(3), 249-252.
McLellan, A. T., McKay, J. R., Forman, R., Cacciola, J., & Kemp, J. (2005). Reconsidering the evaluation of addiction treatment: from retrospective follow-up to concurrent recovery monitoring. Addiction, 100(4), 447-458.
Mermelstein, L., & Garske, J. (2015). A brief mindfulness intervention for college student binge drinkers: A pilot study. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 29(2), 259-269.
Miron, L., Orcutt, H., Hannan, S., & Thompson, K. (2014). Childhood abuse and problematic alcohol use in college females: The role of self-compassion. Self and Identity, 13(3), 364-379.
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2015). Alcohol facts and statistics. Retrieved from:
http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/AlcoholFacts&Stats/AlcoholFacts&Stats.htm
Neff, K. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223-250.
Neff, K., & McGehee, P. (2010). Self-compassion and psychological resilience among adolescents and young Adults. Self and Identity, 9, 225-240.
Neff, K., Rude, S., & Kirkpatrick, K. (2007). An examination of self-compassion in relation to positive psychological functioning and personality traits. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 908-916.
Rendon, K. (2006). Understanding alcohol use in college students: A study of mindfulness, self-compassion, and psychological problems (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from: PsychInfo
Rubin, A., and Babbie, E. (2001). Research methods for social work (4th ed.). Belmont, CA., Wadsworth
Shadel, W. G., Martino, S. C., Setodji, C., Cervone, D., Witkiewitz, K., Beckjord, E. B., . . .
Shih, R. (2011). Lapse-induced surges in craving influence relapse in adult smokers: An experimental investigation. Health Psychology, 30(5), 588-596.
Shaffer, H., Laplante, D., Labrie, R., Kidman, R., Donato, A., & Stanton, M. (2004). Toward a syndrome model of addiction: Multiple expressions, common etiology. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 12(6). 367-374.
Shapiro, S., Schwartz, G., & Bonner, G. (1998). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on medical and premedical students. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 21(6), 581-599.
Shonin, E., Gordon, W., & Griffiths, M. (2014). The emerging role of Buddhism in clinical psychology: Toward effective integration. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 6(2), 123-137.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Results from the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings, NSDUH Series H-48, HHS Publication No. (SMA) 14-4863. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2014.
Tarter, R., & Vanyukov, M. (2001). Introduction: Theoretical and operational framework for research into the etiology of substance use disorders. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 10(4), 1-12.
Witkiewitz, K., & Bowen, S. (2010). Depression, craving, and substance use following a randomized trial of mindfulness-based relapse prevention. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(3), 362-374.
Witkiewitz, K., Bowen, S., Douglas, H., & Hsu, S. (2013). Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for substance craving. Addictive Behaviors, 38, 1563-1571.
Witkiewitz, K., Warner, K., Sully, B., Barricks, A., Stauffer, C., Thompson, B., & Luoma, J. (2014). Randomized trial comparing mindfulness-based relapse prevention with relapse prevention for women offenders at a residential addiction treatment center. Substance Use & Misuse, 49, 536-546.
Anton, R. F. (1999). What is craving? Models and implications for treatment. Alcohol Research and Health, 23(3), 165-173.
Arria, A., Vincent, K., & Caldeira, K. (2009). Measuring liability for substance use disorder among college students: Implications for screening and early intervention. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 35(4), 233-241.
Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, Department of Health and Human Services. (1999) Blending perspectives and building common ground: A report to congress on substance abuse and child protection retrieved from: http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/subabuse99/chap2.htm
Baer, R. A. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology-science and Practice, 10, 125-143.
Baer, R., Smith, G., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27-45.
Bellg, A. J., Borrelli, B., Resnick, B., Hecht, J., Minicucci, D. S., Ory, M., . . . Czajkowski, S. (2004). Enhancing treatment fidelity in health behavior change studies: Best practices and recommendations from the NIH behavior change consortium. Health Psychology, 23(5), 443-451.
Bowen, S., Chawla, N., Collins, S., Witkiewitz, K., Hsu, S., Grow, J., . . . Marlatt, A. (2009). Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for substance use disorders: A pilot efficacy trial. Substance Abuse, 30(4), 295-305.
Bowen, S., & Marlatt, A. (2009). Surfing the urge: Brief mindfulness-based intervention for college student smokers. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 23(4), 666-671.
Bowen, S., Witkiewitz, K., Clifasefi, S., Grow, J., Chawla, N., Hsu, S., . . . Larimer, M. (2014). Relative efficacy of mindfulness-based relapse prevention, standard relapse prevention, and treatment as usual for substance use disorders. JAMA Psychiatry, 71(5), 547-556.
Bowen, S., Witkiewitz, K., Dillworth, T., Chawla, N., Simpson, T., Ostafin, B., . . . Marlatt, G. (2006). Mindfulness meditation and substance use in an incarcerated population. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 20(3), 343-347.
Brewer, J., Mallik, S., Babuscio, T., Nich, C., Johnson, H., Deleone, C., . . . Rounsaville, B. (2011). Mindfulness training for smoking cessation: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 119, 72-80.
Brooks, M., Kay-Lambkin, F., Bowman, J., & Childs, S. (2012). Self-compassion amongst clients with problematic alcohol use. Mindfulness, 3(4), 308-317.
Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. (2012). Addiction medicine: closing the gap between science and practice. Retrieved from: http://www.casacolumbia.org/addiction-research/reports/addiction-medicine
Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. (2009). Shoveling Up II: The Impact of Substance Abuse on Federal, State and Local Budgets. Retrieved from: http://www.casacolumbia.org/addiction-research/reports/shoveling-ii-impact-substance- abuse-federal-state-and-local-budgets
Chawla, N., Collins, S., Bowen, S., Hsu, S., Grow, J., Douglass, A., & Marlatt, G. A. (2010). The mindfulness-based relapse prevention adherence and competence scale: Development, interrater reliability, and validity. Psychotherapy Research, 20(4), 388
Children’s Bureau, Office of the Administration for Children and Families, US Department of Health and Human Services. (2011) Child and family service reviews: Fact sheet for substance abuse treatment professionals. Retrieved from: http://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/cb/cfsr_substanceabuse_factsheet.pdf
Davis, J., Goldberg, S., Anderson, M., Manley, A., Smith, S., & Baker, T. (2014). Randomized trial on mindfulness training for smokers targeted to a disadvantaged population. Substance Use & Misuse, 49, 571-585.
Davis, J., Manley, A., Goldberg, S., Smith, S., & Jorenby, D. (2014). Randomized trial comparing mindfulness training for smokers to a matched control. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 47, 213-221.
Hall, C., Row, K., Wuensch, K., & Godley, K. (2013). The role of self-compassion in physical and psychological well-Being. The Journal of Psychology, 147(4), 311-323.
Hawkins, J., Catalano, R., & Miller, J. (1992). Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: Implications for substance abuse prevention. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 64-105.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2012). Mindfulness for beginners: Reclaiming the present moment—and your life. Boulder, CO: Sounds True.
Kelly, A., Zuroff, D., Foa, C., & Gilbert, P. (2010). Who benefits from training in self- compassionate self-regulation? A study of smoking reduction. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29(7), 727-755.
Marlatt, G., Baer, J., Donovan, D. & Kivlahan, D. (1988). Addictive behaviors: Etiology and treatment. Annual Review of Psychology, 39, 223-252.
McLellan, A., Lewis, D., O'brien, C., & Kleber, H. (2000). Drug dependence, a chronic medical illness. JAMA, 284(13), 1689-1695.
McLellan, A. (2002). Have we evaluated addiction treatment correctly? Implications from a chronic care perspective. Addiction, 97(3), 249-252.
McLellan, A. T., McKay, J. R., Forman, R., Cacciola, J., & Kemp, J. (2005). Reconsidering the evaluation of addiction treatment: from retrospective follow-up to concurrent recovery monitoring. Addiction, 100(4), 447-458.
Mermelstein, L., & Garske, J. (2015). A brief mindfulness intervention for college student binge drinkers: A pilot study. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 29(2), 259-269.
Miron, L., Orcutt, H., Hannan, S., & Thompson, K. (2014). Childhood abuse and problematic alcohol use in college females: The role of self-compassion. Self and Identity, 13(3), 364-379.
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2015). Alcohol facts and statistics. Retrieved from:
http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/AlcoholFacts&Stats/AlcoholFacts&Stats.htm
Neff, K. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223-250.
Neff, K., & McGehee, P. (2010). Self-compassion and psychological resilience among adolescents and young Adults. Self and Identity, 9, 225-240.
Neff, K., Rude, S., & Kirkpatrick, K. (2007). An examination of self-compassion in relation to positive psychological functioning and personality traits. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 908-916.
Rendon, K. (2006). Understanding alcohol use in college students: A study of mindfulness, self-compassion, and psychological problems (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from: PsychInfo
Rubin, A., and Babbie, E. (2001). Research methods for social work (4th ed.). Belmont, CA., Wadsworth
Shadel, W. G., Martino, S. C., Setodji, C., Cervone, D., Witkiewitz, K., Beckjord, E. B., . . .
Shih, R. (2011). Lapse-induced surges in craving influence relapse in adult smokers: An experimental investigation. Health Psychology, 30(5), 588-596.
Shaffer, H., Laplante, D., Labrie, R., Kidman, R., Donato, A., & Stanton, M. (2004). Toward a syndrome model of addiction: Multiple expressions, common etiology. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 12(6). 367-374.
Shapiro, S., Schwartz, G., & Bonner, G. (1998). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on medical and premedical students. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 21(6), 581-599.
Shonin, E., Gordon, W., & Griffiths, M. (2014). The emerging role of Buddhism in clinical psychology: Toward effective integration. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 6(2), 123-137.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Results from the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings, NSDUH Series H-48, HHS Publication No. (SMA) 14-4863. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2014.
Tarter, R., & Vanyukov, M. (2001). Introduction: Theoretical and operational framework for research into the etiology of substance use disorders. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 10(4), 1-12.
Witkiewitz, K., & Bowen, S. (2010). Depression, craving, and substance use following a randomized trial of mindfulness-based relapse prevention. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(3), 362-374.
Witkiewitz, K., Bowen, S., Douglas, H., & Hsu, S. (2013). Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for substance craving. Addictive Behaviors, 38, 1563-1571.
Witkiewitz, K., Warner, K., Sully, B., Barricks, A., Stauffer, C., Thompson, B., & Luoma, J. (2014). Randomized trial comparing mindfulness-based relapse prevention with relapse prevention for women offenders at a residential addiction treatment center. Substance Use & Misuse, 49, 536-546.
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Published
2018-04-30
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Platt, K. A. (2018). Mindfulness and Self-Compassion Based Interventions for Substance Use Disorders: A Literature Review. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH, 12(1), 2619–2633. https://doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v12i1.7298
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