Infrastructure Classification Revisited
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v12i1.7277Keywords:
Institutional infrastructure, personal infrastructure, material infrastructure, infrastructure policyAbstract
The impact infrastructure has long been viewed as a key ingredient for economic development. Though it has a strong growth promoting, the enormous need and complexity of infrastructure has made it difficult to define. The infrastructure definition and classification debate has been on for decades. Scholars have argued that and viewed the issue of definition and classification from different perspective ranging from aggregation to the need to reconcile the analytic and not necessarily compatible objectives. This paper reconciles the issues around the description and classification of infrastructure. It examined the various classification overtime, taking cognizance of the issues of appropriate description to meet policy challenges.
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References
Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S., Ronbinson, J., Tchaichoroen, Y., 2003. Institutional causes, macroeconomic symptoms, volatility, crises and growth. Journal of Monetary Economics 50, 49–123.
Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S., Robinson, J.A., 2005. Institutions as the fundamental cause of long-run growth. In: Aghion, P., Durlauf, S. (Eds.), Handbook of Economic Growth. Elsevier, North Holland, chap. 6.
Age Ìnor P-R 2010. A Theory of Infrastructure-Led Development. Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control 34 (2010) 932–950.
Aschauer, D. A. 1989. "Is Public Expenditure Productive?" Journal of Monetary Economics 23: 177-200.
Asian Development Bank 2012 Infrastructure for Supporting Inclusive Growth and Poverty Reduction in Asia. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank.
Baldwin J. R. and Dixon J. 2008. Infrastructure capital what is it? Where is it? How much of it is there? The Canadian productivity review. Statistics Canada;
Bils, M. and Klenow, P. J. 2000. Does schooling cause growth? American Economic Review, 90(5), 1184–1208.
Buhr W 1977 Materielle, personelle und institutionelle Infrastruktur. In: Woll A (Hrsg.) Fünf Jahre Gesamthochschule Siegen, Konzept und Wirklichkeit. Gesamthochschule Siegen, Siegen, pp. 162-177
Buhr, W 2003. What is infrastructure? University of Siegen. Discussion Paper No. 107-03.
Buhr, W. 2009. Infrastructure of the Market Economy Discussion Papers in Economics No. 132-09.
Cain, L. P. 1997. Historical perspective on infrastructure and US economic development. Regional Science and Urban Economics 27 117-138
Calderon, C. and Servon, L. 2004. ‘The Effect of Infrastructure Development on Growth and 
Income Distribution’, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper no. 3400.
Calderón, C., and Servén, L. 2008. Infrastructure and economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4712.
Cambridge Systematics. 2008. The transportation challenge: Moving the U.S. economy (Prepared with Boston Logistics Group, Inc. and Alan E. Pisarski, report to U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Chamber Foundation and Americans for Transportation Mobility). Alexandria, VA: National Stone, Sand & Gravel Association.
Carmona, M 2010. The regulatory function in public-private partnerships for the provision of transport infrastructure. Research in Transportation Economics 30 110-125
Crandall, R. W 1997. Are telecommunications facilities 'infrastructure?' If they are, so what? Regional Science and Urban Economics 27 (1997) 161-179.
Dasha, R. K and Sahoob, P 2010. Economic growth in India: the role of physical and social infrastructure. Journal of Economic Policy Reform Vol. 13, No. 4, 373–385
Da Silva Costa, J., R. W. Ellson and R. C. Martin 1987 “Public Capital, Regional Output, and Development: Some Empirical Evidence,†Journal of Regional Science, Vol.27, No.3,
Pp. 419-437De, P. and Ghosh, B. 2003. How do infrastructure facilities affect regional income? An investigation with South Asian countries. Discussion Paper 66, Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS), New Delhi, India
De Fraja, G 1993 Productive efficiency in public and private firms. Journal of Public Economics 50: 15-30
Decuir –Viruez, L 2004 Measuring the Institutional Factors in The Economic Growth of The Mexican Regions 1970-2000. Paper to be presented at the 44rd ERSA Congress 2004 on REGIONS AND FISCAL FEDERALISM. University of Porto, Portugal
Ding L. and Haynes, K.E., 2006. The role of infrastructure in regional economic growth: the case of telecommunications in China, Australasian Journal of Regional Studies, 12(3), 165-187
Drosdowski, G., Scholze-Stubenrecht, W., Wermke, M 1997 Duden Fremdwörterbuch. Verlag Bibliographisches Institut & F A Brockhaus AG, Mannheim. In Buhr, W (2003). What is infrastructure? University of Siegen. Discussion Paper No. 107-03.
Duflo, E. 2001. Schooling and labor market consequences of school construction in Indonesia: Evidence from an unusual policy experiment. American Economic Review, 91(4), 795–813.
Dutt, G. and Ravallion, M., 1998. Why have some Indian states done better than others at reducing rural poverty. Economica, 65, 17–38.
Dutta, A. 2001. Telecommunications and economic activity: An analysis of Granger causality. Journal of Management Information Systems, 17, 71–95.
Elhance, A.P. and Lakshamanan, T.R., 1988. Infrastructure production system dynamics in national and regional systems: an economic study of the Indian economy. Regional science and urban economics, 18 (4), 511–531.
Estache, A. 2006. Infrastructure: a survey of recent and upcoming issues. Washington, DC: The World Bank
Estache, A., Foster, V., Wodon, Q 2002. Accounting for poverty in infrastructure reform: learning from Latin America’s experience. World Bank Institute Development Study, World Bank, Washing- ton, DC
Evans, P., and Karras, G. 1994. Are government activities productive? Evidence from a panel of US states. The Review of economics and statistics, 1-11.
Foster, A. D. and Rosenzweig M. R. 1996. ‘Technical Change and Human Capital Returns and 
Investment: Evidence from the Green Revolution’, American Economic Review pp.931-953.
Fourie, J 2006. Economic Infrastructure: A Review of Definitions, Theory and Empirics. South African Journal of Economics Vol. 74:3
Garcia-Murillo, M., and Kuerbis, B. 2005. The effect of institutional constraints on the success of universal service policies: a comparison between Latin America and the World. Telecommunications Policy, 29(9), 779-796.
Garcia-Mila T and McGuire T J. 1992 The Contribution of Publicly Provided Inputs to States Economies. Regional Science and Urban Economics June 22(2): 229-41
Glaeser, E.L., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silane, F., Shleifer, A 2004. Do institutions cause growth? Journal of Economic Growth 9 (1), 271–303.
Globerman, S and Shapiro. D. 2002. Global Foreign Direct Investment Flows: The Role of Governance Infrastructure. World Development Vol. 30, No. 11, pp. 1899–1919.
Gonzalez. J., Guasch, J. L., and Serebrisky, T 2007. Latin America: High Logistics Costs and Poor Infrastructure for Merchandise Transportation, World Bank, mimeo.
Gutierrez, L.H., 2003 The effect of endogenous regulation on telecommunications expansion and efficiency in Latin America. Journal of Regulatory Economics 23 (3), 257-286.
Hall, R and Jones C. 1999. Why Do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output per Worker than Others? Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114: 83-116
Hansen, N. M. 1965. "The structure and determinants of local public investment expenditures." Review of economics and statistics 2: 150-162.
Hanushek, E. A. and Woesmann, L. 2008. ‘The Role of Cognitive Skills in Economic Development’, Journal of Economic Literature 46, pp.607-88
Henisz, W.J., 2002. The institutional environment for infrastructure investment. Industrial and Corporate Change 11 (Number 2), 355–389
.
Hill, H. 2004. Six Asian Economies: Issues and Lessons. In Brooks, D.H. and H. Hill, Eds. Managing FDI in a Globalizing Economy: Asian Experiences, London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 29–78.
Hirschman, A. O. 1958. The Strategy of Economic Development. New Haven: Yale University Press. In, Jimenez, E. (1994) Human and Physical Infrastructure: Public Investment and Pricing Policies in Developing Countries. Policy Research Working Paper 1281. Policy Research Department. The World Bank
Ida, T., and Yoshida, A. 1999. Productivity of disaggregate effects public capital (Shakai shihon no bumonbetsu seisanryoku koka). JCER Economic Journal (Nihon Keizai Kenkyu), 38, 107-129
Infrastructure Canada 2007. Infrastructure and Productivity: A Literature Review. Transport Infrastructure and Communities Portfolio, Government of Canada. Research and Analysis Division Infrastructure
Jimenez, E. 1994 Human and Physical Infrastructure: Public Investment and Pricing Policies in Developing Countries. Policy Research Working Paper 1281. Policy Research Department. The World Bank
Jochimsen, R., Ed. 1966. Theorie der Infrastruktur: Grundlagen der marktwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung. Tübingen, J.C.B. Mohr: In Torrisi, G. (2009). Public infrastructure: definition, classification and measurement issues.
Jones, S. 2004. Contribution of infrastructure to growth and poverty reduction in East Asia and the Pacific. Background paper, Oxford Policy Management, October.
Krueger, A. B and Lindahl, M. 2001. Education for growth: Why and for whom? Journal of Economic Literature, 39(4), 1101–1136
List, J. A. 2001. US county-level determinants of inbound FDI: evidence from a two-step modified count data model. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 19, 953–973.
López-Bazo, E and Moreno, R. 2008. Does human capital stimulate investment in physical capital? Evidence from a cost system framework. Economic Modeling 25; 1295–1305
Lucas, R. 1988. On the Mechanics of Economic Development". Journal of Monetary 26 Economics 22: 3–42.
MacMillan 1992. Dictionary of modern economics. 4th ed. Palgrave Macmillan Publisher.
Maiorano, F and Stern, J. 2007. Institutions and telecommunications infrastructure in low and middle-income countries: The case of mobile telephony. Utilities Policy 15 165 – 181
Mera, K. 1973. II. Regional production functions and social overhead capital: An analysis of the Japanese case. Regional and Urban Economics, 3(2), 157-185.
Megginson W L and Netter J M 2001 From State to Market: A Survey of Empirical Studies on Privatization. Journal of Economic Literature 39: 321-389
Mitsui, K., Takezawa, Y., and Kawauchi, S. 1995. Regional allocation of public capital (Shakai shihon no chiikikan haibun: Seisan kansu no suikei). Productivity of public capital and fiscal policy (Shakai Shihon np Seisansei to Kouteki Kinyu) Nohon Hyoronsha (in Japanese), Tokyo, 97-130
Morimoto, R. 2010. Estimating the benefits of effectively and proactively maintaining infrastructure with the innovative Smart Infrastructure sensor system. Social-Economic Planning Sciences 44. 247-257
Munnell Alicia H 1990. How does Public Infrastructure Affect Regional Economic Performance? New England Economic Review 11-32.
Nijkamp P 2000. Infrastructure and Suprastructure in Regional Competition: A Deus Ex Machina? In: Batey P W J, Friedrich P (eds.) Regional Competition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp. 87-107
Nijkamp, P, Ubbels, B., and Koetse, M 2000. Infrastructuur als portfolio: een duurzaamheidsvisie op infrastructuur. In Wiegmans, B. W. et al. (2005) Concessions to PPP? 
A perspective on infrastructure development in the EU.
North, D.C. 1990. Institutions, institutional change, and economic performance. New York: Cambridge University Press.
North, D. 1991. “Institutionsâ€. Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 5, No. 1. (Winter, 1991), pp. 97-112.
Ojah, K and Mokoaleli-Mokoteli, T 2012. Internet financial reporting, infrastructures and corporate governance: An international analysis. Review of Development Finance
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 2001. The well being of nations: the role of human and social capital. OECD, Paris.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 2004. Futures Project on Global Infrastructure Needs. OECD Paris.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 2007 Infrastructure to 2030, Vol.2
Oswald, M., Li, Q., McNeil, S., and Trimbath, S 2011. Measuring Infrastructure Performance: Development of a National Infrastructure Index. Public Works Management & Policy 16(4) 373–394
Prud’homme, R. 2005. Infrastructure and Development Lessons of Experience. Proceedings of the 2004 Annual Bank conference on Development Economics. 153-181.
Roller, L. and Waverman, L 2001 Telecommunications infrastructure and economic development: A simultaneous approach. American Economic Review, 91, 909–923;
Rud, J. P 2012 Infrastructure regulation and reallocations within industry: Theory and evidence from Indian firms. Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 99, No. 1
Sahoo, P. 2006. FDI in South Asia: trends, policy, impact and determinants. In: Asian development bank institute discussion paper series, no. 56. Tokyo: ADB.
Sahoo, S. and Saxena, K.K., 1999. Infrastructure and Economic Development: Some Empirical Evidence. The Indian Economic Journal, 47, 39–57.
Shiu, A. and Lam, P-L. 2004. Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in China, Energy Policy, 32: 47-54
Smarzynska, B. K. and Wei, S. J. 2001. Pollution havens and foreign direct investment: dirty secret of popular myth. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. W8465, NBER, Cambridge, MA
Smith, A. 1776. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. 2 Vols, Everyman’s Library. London: Dent & Sons (1904); In Calitz, E and Fourie, J (2007). Infrastructure in South Africa: Who is to finance and who is to pay? Stellenbosch Economic Working Papers: 15/07
Songwe, Vera 2017 From strong men to strong institutions: An assessment of Africa’s transition towards more political contestability. Africa in Focus, Brookings
Straub, S., Vellutini, C., and Warlters, M. 2008. Infrastructure and economic growth in East Asia. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4589.
Suri, T., Boozer, M. A., Ranis, G., and Stewart, F 2010 Paths to Success: The Relationship Between Human Development and Economic Growth. World Development. Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 506–522, 2011
Tinbergen, J 1962. Shaping the World Economy, Suggestions for an International Economic Policy. The Twentieth Century Fund, New York.
Tompkins EL and Adger WN. 2005 Defining response capacity to enhance climate change policy. Environ Sci Policy 8:562–71.
Torrisi, G. 2009. Public infrastructure: definition, classification and measurement issues. Available online at http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12990/1/Survey_infra_def.pdf.
Udah, E. B. 2011. Constraints to Economic Development and Growth in Nigeria European Journal of Scientific Research
ISSN 1450-216X Vol.65 No.4 (2011), pp. 581-593
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) 2008. Transnational Corporations and The Infrastructure Challenge. World Investment Report 2008: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
Vagliasindi, M 2004. The role of investment and regulatory reforms in the development of infrastructure across transition economies. Utilities Policy 12 303–314
vonHirschhausen, C., 2002 Modernizing infrastructure transformation economies: Paving the way to European enlargement. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK, Northampton, MA, USA.
Wagstaff, A. 2002. Health spending and aid as escape routes from the vicious circle of poverty and health. HNP Discussion Paper, World Bank, Washington, DC.
Wheeler, D. 2001. Racing to the bottom? Foreign investment and air pollution in developing countries. World Bank Working Paper no. 2524, World Bank, Washington DC
World Bank. 1994. World Development Report 1994: infrastructure for development. New York: Oxford University Press
World Bank 2005. Infrastructure and the World Bank: A Progress Report. World Bank.
Zhai, F 2010. The Benefits of Regional Infrastructure Investment in Asia: A Quantitative Exploration. ADBI Working Paper Series No. 223.
Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S., Robinson, J.A., 2005. Institutions as the fundamental cause of long-run growth. In: Aghion, P., Durlauf, S. (Eds.), Handbook of Economic Growth. Elsevier, North Holland, chap. 6.
Age Ìnor P-R 2010. A Theory of Infrastructure-Led Development. Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control 34 (2010) 932–950.
Aschauer, D. A. 1989. "Is Public Expenditure Productive?" Journal of Monetary Economics 23: 177-200.
Asian Development Bank 2012 Infrastructure for Supporting Inclusive Growth and Poverty Reduction in Asia. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank.
Baldwin J. R. and Dixon J. 2008. Infrastructure capital what is it? Where is it? How much of it is there? The Canadian productivity review. Statistics Canada;
Bils, M. and Klenow, P. J. 2000. Does schooling cause growth? American Economic Review, 90(5), 1184–1208.
Buhr W 1977 Materielle, personelle und institutionelle Infrastruktur. In: Woll A (Hrsg.) Fünf Jahre Gesamthochschule Siegen, Konzept und Wirklichkeit. Gesamthochschule Siegen, Siegen, pp. 162-177
Buhr, W 2003. What is infrastructure? University of Siegen. Discussion Paper No. 107-03.
Buhr, W. 2009. Infrastructure of the Market Economy Discussion Papers in Economics No. 132-09.
Cain, L. P. 1997. Historical perspective on infrastructure and US economic development. Regional Science and Urban Economics 27 117-138
Calderon, C. and Servon, L. 2004. ‘The Effect of Infrastructure Development on Growth and 
Income Distribution’, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper no. 3400.
Calderón, C., and Servén, L. 2008. Infrastructure and economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4712.
Cambridge Systematics. 2008. The transportation challenge: Moving the U.S. economy (Prepared with Boston Logistics Group, Inc. and Alan E. Pisarski, report to U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Chamber Foundation and Americans for Transportation Mobility). Alexandria, VA: National Stone, Sand & Gravel Association.
Carmona, M 2010. The regulatory function in public-private partnerships for the provision of transport infrastructure. Research in Transportation Economics 30 110-125
Crandall, R. W 1997. Are telecommunications facilities 'infrastructure?' If they are, so what? Regional Science and Urban Economics 27 (1997) 161-179.
Dasha, R. K and Sahoob, P 2010. Economic growth in India: the role of physical and social infrastructure. Journal of Economic Policy Reform Vol. 13, No. 4, 373–385
Da Silva Costa, J., R. W. Ellson and R. C. Martin 1987 “Public Capital, Regional Output, and Development: Some Empirical Evidence,†Journal of Regional Science, Vol.27, No.3,
Pp. 419-437De, P. and Ghosh, B. 2003. How do infrastructure facilities affect regional income? An investigation with South Asian countries. Discussion Paper 66, Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS), New Delhi, India
De Fraja, G 1993 Productive efficiency in public and private firms. Journal of Public Economics 50: 15-30
Decuir –Viruez, L 2004 Measuring the Institutional Factors in The Economic Growth of The Mexican Regions 1970-2000. Paper to be presented at the 44rd ERSA Congress 2004 on REGIONS AND FISCAL FEDERALISM. University of Porto, Portugal
Ding L. and Haynes, K.E., 2006. The role of infrastructure in regional economic growth: the case of telecommunications in China, Australasian Journal of Regional Studies, 12(3), 165-187
Drosdowski, G., Scholze-Stubenrecht, W., Wermke, M 1997 Duden Fremdwörterbuch. Verlag Bibliographisches Institut & F A Brockhaus AG, Mannheim. In Buhr, W (2003). What is infrastructure? University of Siegen. Discussion Paper No. 107-03.
Duflo, E. 2001. Schooling and labor market consequences of school construction in Indonesia: Evidence from an unusual policy experiment. American Economic Review, 91(4), 795–813.
Dutt, G. and Ravallion, M., 1998. Why have some Indian states done better than others at reducing rural poverty. Economica, 65, 17–38.
Dutta, A. 2001. Telecommunications and economic activity: An analysis of Granger causality. Journal of Management Information Systems, 17, 71–95.
Elhance, A.P. and Lakshamanan, T.R., 1988. Infrastructure production system dynamics in national and regional systems: an economic study of the Indian economy. Regional science and urban economics, 18 (4), 511–531.
Estache, A. 2006. Infrastructure: a survey of recent and upcoming issues. Washington, DC: The World Bank
Estache, A., Foster, V., Wodon, Q 2002. Accounting for poverty in infrastructure reform: learning from Latin America’s experience. World Bank Institute Development Study, World Bank, Washing- ton, DC
Evans, P., and Karras, G. 1994. Are government activities productive? Evidence from a panel of US states. The Review of economics and statistics, 1-11.
Foster, A. D. and Rosenzweig M. R. 1996. ‘Technical Change and Human Capital Returns and 
Investment: Evidence from the Green Revolution’, American Economic Review pp.931-953.
Fourie, J 2006. Economic Infrastructure: A Review of Definitions, Theory and Empirics. South African Journal of Economics Vol. 74:3
Garcia-Murillo, M., and Kuerbis, B. 2005. The effect of institutional constraints on the success of universal service policies: a comparison between Latin America and the World. Telecommunications Policy, 29(9), 779-796.
Garcia-Mila T and McGuire T J. 1992 The Contribution of Publicly Provided Inputs to States Economies. Regional Science and Urban Economics June 22(2): 229-41
Glaeser, E.L., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silane, F., Shleifer, A 2004. Do institutions cause growth? Journal of Economic Growth 9 (1), 271–303.
Globerman, S and Shapiro. D. 2002. Global Foreign Direct Investment Flows: The Role of Governance Infrastructure. World Development Vol. 30, No. 11, pp. 1899–1919.
Gonzalez. J., Guasch, J. L., and Serebrisky, T 2007. Latin America: High Logistics Costs and Poor Infrastructure for Merchandise Transportation, World Bank, mimeo.
Gutierrez, L.H., 2003 The effect of endogenous regulation on telecommunications expansion and efficiency in Latin America. Journal of Regulatory Economics 23 (3), 257-286.
Hall, R and Jones C. 1999. Why Do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output per Worker than Others? Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114: 83-116
Hansen, N. M. 1965. "The structure and determinants of local public investment expenditures." Review of economics and statistics 2: 150-162.
Hanushek, E. A. and Woesmann, L. 2008. ‘The Role of Cognitive Skills in Economic Development’, Journal of Economic Literature 46, pp.607-88
Henisz, W.J., 2002. The institutional environment for infrastructure investment. Industrial and Corporate Change 11 (Number 2), 355–389
.
Hill, H. 2004. Six Asian Economies: Issues and Lessons. In Brooks, D.H. and H. Hill, Eds. Managing FDI in a Globalizing Economy: Asian Experiences, London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 29–78.
Hirschman, A. O. 1958. The Strategy of Economic Development. New Haven: Yale University Press. In, Jimenez, E. (1994) Human and Physical Infrastructure: Public Investment and Pricing Policies in Developing Countries. Policy Research Working Paper 1281. Policy Research Department. The World Bank
Ida, T., and Yoshida, A. 1999. Productivity of disaggregate effects public capital (Shakai shihon no bumonbetsu seisanryoku koka). JCER Economic Journal (Nihon Keizai Kenkyu), 38, 107-129
Infrastructure Canada 2007. Infrastructure and Productivity: A Literature Review. Transport Infrastructure and Communities Portfolio, Government of Canada. Research and Analysis Division Infrastructure
Jimenez, E. 1994 Human and Physical Infrastructure: Public Investment and Pricing Policies in Developing Countries. Policy Research Working Paper 1281. Policy Research Department. The World Bank
Jochimsen, R., Ed. 1966. Theorie der Infrastruktur: Grundlagen der marktwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung. Tübingen, J.C.B. Mohr: In Torrisi, G. (2009). Public infrastructure: definition, classification and measurement issues.
Jones, S. 2004. Contribution of infrastructure to growth and poverty reduction in East Asia and the Pacific. Background paper, Oxford Policy Management, October.
Krueger, A. B and Lindahl, M. 2001. Education for growth: Why and for whom? Journal of Economic Literature, 39(4), 1101–1136
List, J. A. 2001. US county-level determinants of inbound FDI: evidence from a two-step modified count data model. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 19, 953–973.
López-Bazo, E and Moreno, R. 2008. Does human capital stimulate investment in physical capital? Evidence from a cost system framework. Economic Modeling 25; 1295–1305
Lucas, R. 1988. On the Mechanics of Economic Development". Journal of Monetary 26 Economics 22: 3–42.
MacMillan 1992. Dictionary of modern economics. 4th ed. Palgrave Macmillan Publisher.
Maiorano, F and Stern, J. 2007. Institutions and telecommunications infrastructure in low and middle-income countries: The case of mobile telephony. Utilities Policy 15 165 – 181
Mera, K. 1973. II. Regional production functions and social overhead capital: An analysis of the Japanese case. Regional and Urban Economics, 3(2), 157-185.
Megginson W L and Netter J M 2001 From State to Market: A Survey of Empirical Studies on Privatization. Journal of Economic Literature 39: 321-389
Mitsui, K., Takezawa, Y., and Kawauchi, S. 1995. Regional allocation of public capital (Shakai shihon no chiikikan haibun: Seisan kansu no suikei). Productivity of public capital and fiscal policy (Shakai Shihon np Seisansei to Kouteki Kinyu) Nohon Hyoronsha (in Japanese), Tokyo, 97-130
Morimoto, R. 2010. Estimating the benefits of effectively and proactively maintaining infrastructure with the innovative Smart Infrastructure sensor system. Social-Economic Planning Sciences 44. 247-257
Munnell Alicia H 1990. How does Public Infrastructure Affect Regional Economic Performance? New England Economic Review 11-32.
Nijkamp P 2000. Infrastructure and Suprastructure in Regional Competition: A Deus Ex Machina? In: Batey P W J, Friedrich P (eds.) Regional Competition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp. 87-107
Nijkamp, P, Ubbels, B., and Koetse, M 2000. Infrastructuur als portfolio: een duurzaamheidsvisie op infrastructuur. In Wiegmans, B. W. et al. (2005) Concessions to PPP? 
A perspective on infrastructure development in the EU.
North, D.C. 1990. Institutions, institutional change, and economic performance. New York: Cambridge University Press.
North, D. 1991. “Institutionsâ€. Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 5, No. 1. (Winter, 1991), pp. 97-112.
Ojah, K and Mokoaleli-Mokoteli, T 2012. Internet financial reporting, infrastructures and corporate governance: An international analysis. Review of Development Finance
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 2001. The well being of nations: the role of human and social capital. OECD, Paris.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 2004. Futures Project on Global Infrastructure Needs. OECD Paris.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 2007 Infrastructure to 2030, Vol.2
Oswald, M., Li, Q., McNeil, S., and Trimbath, S 2011. Measuring Infrastructure Performance: Development of a National Infrastructure Index. Public Works Management & Policy 16(4) 373–394
Prud’homme, R. 2005. Infrastructure and Development Lessons of Experience. Proceedings of the 2004 Annual Bank conference on Development Economics. 153-181.
Roller, L. and Waverman, L 2001 Telecommunications infrastructure and economic development: A simultaneous approach. American Economic Review, 91, 909–923;
Rud, J. P 2012 Infrastructure regulation and reallocations within industry: Theory and evidence from Indian firms. Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 99, No. 1
Sahoo, P. 2006. FDI in South Asia: trends, policy, impact and determinants. In: Asian development bank institute discussion paper series, no. 56. Tokyo: ADB.
Sahoo, S. and Saxena, K.K., 1999. Infrastructure and Economic Development: Some Empirical Evidence. The Indian Economic Journal, 47, 39–57.
Shiu, A. and Lam, P-L. 2004. Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in China, Energy Policy, 32: 47-54
Smarzynska, B. K. and Wei, S. J. 2001. Pollution havens and foreign direct investment: dirty secret of popular myth. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. W8465, NBER, Cambridge, MA
Smith, A. 1776. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. 2 Vols, Everyman’s Library. London: Dent & Sons (1904); In Calitz, E and Fourie, J (2007). Infrastructure in South Africa: Who is to finance and who is to pay? Stellenbosch Economic Working Papers: 15/07
Songwe, Vera 2017 From strong men to strong institutions: An assessment of Africa’s transition towards more political contestability. Africa in Focus, Brookings
Straub, S., Vellutini, C., and Warlters, M. 2008. Infrastructure and economic growth in East Asia. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4589.
Suri, T., Boozer, M. A., Ranis, G., and Stewart, F 2010 Paths to Success: The Relationship Between Human Development and Economic Growth. World Development. Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 506–522, 2011
Tinbergen, J 1962. Shaping the World Economy, Suggestions for an International Economic Policy. The Twentieth Century Fund, New York.
Tompkins EL and Adger WN. 2005 Defining response capacity to enhance climate change policy. Environ Sci Policy 8:562–71.
Torrisi, G. 2009. Public infrastructure: definition, classification and measurement issues. Available online at http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12990/1/Survey_infra_def.pdf.
Udah, E. B. 2011. Constraints to Economic Development and Growth in Nigeria European Journal of Scientific Research
ISSN 1450-216X Vol.65 No.4 (2011), pp. 581-593
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) 2008. Transnational Corporations and The Infrastructure Challenge. World Investment Report 2008: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
Vagliasindi, M 2004. The role of investment and regulatory reforms in the development of infrastructure across transition economies. Utilities Policy 12 303–314
vonHirschhausen, C., 2002 Modernizing infrastructure transformation economies: Paving the way to European enlargement. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK, Northampton, MA, USA.
Wagstaff, A. 2002. Health spending and aid as escape routes from the vicious circle of poverty and health. HNP Discussion Paper, World Bank, Washington, DC.
Wheeler, D. 2001. Racing to the bottom? Foreign investment and air pollution in developing countries. World Bank Working Paper no. 2524, World Bank, Washington DC
World Bank. 1994. World Development Report 1994: infrastructure for development. New York: Oxford University Press
World Bank 2005. Infrastructure and the World Bank: A Progress Report. World Bank.
Zhai, F 2010. The Benefits of Regional Infrastructure Investment in Asia: A Quantitative Exploration. ADBI Working Paper Series No. 223.
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Published
2018-04-30
How to Cite
Momoh, M. A. (2018). Infrastructure Classification Revisited. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH, 12(1), 2642–2652. https://doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v12i1.7277
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