Understanding Recidivism: An Analysis of Demographic Factors, Crime Types, and Release Mechanisms in the Context of Recidivism in New Hampshire
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v20i.9686Keywords:
Recidivism, demographic factors, crime type, release mechanismAbstract
This study explores recidivism patterns in New Hampshire, examining how demographic factors, crime types, and release mechanisms influence outcomes for formerly incarcerated individuals. The findings highlight that recidivism is most prevalent among younger adults, particularly within the first 12 months post-release, with age, gender, and racial disparities contributing to these trends. Notably, Black and Hispanic populations, as well as individuals convicted of drug-related and violent crimes, exhibit higher recidivism rates, often facing compounded socio-economic challenges. Parole release mechanisms also emerge as significant, with technical violations—especially among low-income, young, or minority parolees—frequently resulting in re-incarceration. Addressing these dynamics requires targeted interventions, such as flexible parole conditions and accessible support for substance use and mental health, aimed at reducing repeat offenses and promoting sustainable reintegration. These insights underscore the need for equitable, community-based alternatives to traditional punitive measures, ultimately supporting a fairer and more effective approach to criminal justice in New Hampshire.
Downloads
References
Andrews, D. A., & Bonta, J. (2010). The Psychology of Criminal Conduct (5th ed.). Anderson Publishing.
Carson, E. A. (2021). Prisoners in 2020 – Statistical Tables. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Retrieved from https://www.bjs.gov/
CCJ. (2024). Retrieved from https://counciloncj.org/recidivism_report/
Clark, C. A., Pruett, K., & Dyer, J. (2014). Mental health treatment and recidivism among offenders with mental disorders: A review of the literature. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 58(4), 451-476.
Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (1979). Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach. American Sociological Review, 44(4), 588-608.
Cohen, M. A., & Piquero, A. R. (2009). New evidence on the monetary value of saving a high-risk youth. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 25(1), 25-49.
Davis, A. J. (2013). The Impact of Early Release Programs on Recidivism Rates: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Criminal Justice Research, 1(2), 45-58.
Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990). A General Theory of Crime. Stanford University Press.
Harris, P. W., et al. (2017). An Evaluation of Static and Dynamic Risk Factors in Predicting Recidivism. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 44(1), 108-127.
James, N. (2015). Offender Reentry: Correctional Statistics, Reintegration into the Community, and Recidivism. Congressional Research Service.
Langan, P. A., & Levin, D. J. (2002). Recidivism of prisoners was released in 1994. Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report, U.S. Department of Justice.
Landenberger, N. A., & Lipsey, M. W. (2005). The effect of cognitive-behavioral programs for offenders: A meta-analysis. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 32(5), 573-593.
McSweeney, T., Hough, M., & Cattell, M. (2011). The impact of drug treatment on offending. Home Office Research Report, 54.
Mears, D. P., Cochran, J. C., & Bales, W. D. (2016). Gender differences in the effects of prison on recidivism. Justice Quarterly, 33(3), 455–479.
National Institute of Justice. (2017). Recidivism of offenders on federal community supervision. U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved from https://nij.ojp.gov/
New Hampshire Community Corrections. (2022). Annual Report on Recidivism and Reentry Programs.
New Hampshire Department of Corrections. (2023). Recidivism Rate Data.
New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services. (2021). Substance Use Disorder in New Hampshire: A Review of Current Trends and Future Directions. Retrieved from NH DHHS
New Hampshire Employment Security. (2021). Report on Employment and Reentry Outcomes.
New Hampshire Governor’s Office. (2020). Combating the Opioid Crisis: Impacts on Recidivism.
Pager, D. (2007). Marked: Race, Crime, and Finding Work in an Era of Mass Incarceration. University of Chicago Press.
Petersilia, J. (2003). When Prisoners Come Home: Parole and Prisoner Reentry. Oxford University Press.
Pew Charitable Trusts. (2020). To safely cut incarceration, states rethink responses to supervision violations. Retrieved from https://www.pewtrusts.org/
Pew Charitable Trusts. (2021). Recidivism Trends in New Hampshire: An Analysis of the Factors Contributing to Repeat Offending.
Sampson, R. J., & Laub, J. H. (1993). Crime in the making: Pathways and turning points through life. Harvard University Press.
Schlager, M. D. (2018). Rethinking the reentry paradigm: A blueprint for action. Rowman & Littlefield.
Urban Institute. (2018). Transforming prisons, restoring lives: Final recommendations of the Charles Colson Task Force on Federal Corrections. Retrieved from https://www.urban.org/
Visher, C. A. (2003). Returning Home: Understanding the Challenges of Prisoner Reentry. The Urban Institute Press.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Aboyowa Akaruese, Innocentus Alhamis
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All articles published in Journal of Advances in Linguistics are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.