If You Lose Your Goat: Public perceptions of police in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v6i2.4215Abstract
While internationally there is a large body of quantitative work examining public perceptions of police, there is less in the way of qualitative, particularly anthropological, studies (Garriott, 2013). Moreover, as most studies are based in Western democratic nations with a strong rule of law, it is not surprising that findings have shown overall positive public perceptions of police. The case of Indonesia is different. The little quantitative work undertaken on public perceptions of police indicate extremely low levels of public trust and confidence (Muradi, 2014). This present study is thus unique in offering a qualitative analysis of a jurisdiction where public opinion is not favourably disposed towards the police. Drawing on ethnographic data collected between 2008 and 2013, this article critically explores what Indonesians think of their police service, and what they want from their police service in the future. The findings indicate that while people loath police corruption, eradicating corruption is not cited as a top priority. Furthermore, while people express a desire to have a police force that can deter, investigate, and solve crime, these factors do not dominate thinking. Rather, people form judgements of police based primarily on how they, or people they know, are treated by police, sentiments encapsulated in notions of procedural justice policing (Tyler, 1990). It is well-established that public support is essential to effective policing (Murphy & Cherney, 2012), and as such taking into account public desire for a respectful police force above a focus on outcome based policing will significantly aid police reform projects in Indonesia.Downloads
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References
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9. Crisp, D. (1990). The Police and the Public: Home Office Research and Statistics Department.
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28. Kepala Kepolsian Negara Republik Indonesia. (2012). Policing Leaders Meeting Report. Indonesia's National Police. Jakarata.
29. Keppeler, V. E., Sluder, R. D., & Alpert, G. P. (1998). Forces of Deviance: Understanding the Dark Side of Policing. Waveland Press
30. Kingsley, J. (2010). Tuan Guru, Community and Conflict in Lombok, Indonesia. University of Melbourne, Melbourne.
31. Kristiansen, S., & Trijono, L. (2005). Authority and Law Enforcement: Local Government Reforms and Security Systems in Indonesia. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 27(2).
32. Markas Besar Kepolisian Republik Indonesia. (1999). Sejarah Kepolisian di Indonesia (The History of Police in Indonesia). Jakarta: Mabes Polri.
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34. Meliala, A. (2001b). Police as Military: Indonesia's Experience. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 24(3), 420-431.
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37. Metropolitan Police. (2013). Survey in the MPS: Londoners‟ Veiws Count. Total Policing, Nov, 1-3.
38. Morgan, R., & Newburn, T. (1997). The Future of Policing. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
39. Muradi. (2014). Politics and Governance in Indonesia: The Police in the Era of Reformasi. London: Routledge
40. Murphy, K. (2009). Public Satisfaction with Police: The Importance of Procedural Justice and Police Performance in Police-Citizen Encounters. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 42(2), 159-178.
41. Murphy, K., & Cherney, A. (2012). Understanding Cooperation with Police in a Diverse Society. British Journal of Criminology, 52, 181-201.
42. Newburn, T. (1999). Understanding and Preventing Police Corruption. London: Home Office.
43. Oluwaniji, O. O. (2011). Police and the Institution of Corruption in Nigeria. Policing and Society, 21(1), 67-83.
44. Paes-Machado, E. N., C.V. (2002). Policing the Brazilian Poor: Resistance to and Acceptance of Police Brutality in Urban Popular Classes (Salvador, Brazil). International Criminal Justice Review, 12, 53-76.
45. Pino, N. W., & Johnson, L. M. (2011). Police Deviance and Community Relations in Trinidad and Tobago. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 34(3), 454-478.46. Prasetyo, E., Muqoddas, B., Marzuki, S., Riyadi, E., Arham, L., Imran, & Soekamid. (2005). The Role of the Police in Socio-Political conflicts in Indonesia. Pusham UII, The Asia Foundation,Yogyakarta.
47. Punch, M. (2000). Police Corruption and its Prevention. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 8(301-324).
48. Punch, M., & Gilmour, S. (2010). Police Corruption: Apples, Barrels and Orchards. Criminal Justice Matters, 79(1), 10-12.
49. Rahmawati, A., & Azca, N. (2006). Police Reform from Below: Examples from Indonesia's Transition to Democracy. Democracy, Conflict and Human Security, 2, 53-67.
50. Sherman, L. W. (1974). Police Corruption: A Sociological Perspective. Garden City, NY: Doubleday Anchor Books.
51. Sims, L., & Myhill, A. (2001). Policing and the Public: Findings from the 2000 British Crime Survey London: Development and Statistics Directorate, Home Office Research.
52. Stasch, R. (2001). Giving up Homicide: Korowai Experience of Witches and Police (West Papua). Oceania, 72(1), 33-52.
53. Stein, K., & Lambang, T. (2005). Authority and Law Enforcement: Local Government Reforms and Security Systems in Indonesia. Contemporary South East Asia, 27(2), 1-10.
54. Stoutland, S. E. (2001). The Multiple Dimensions of Trust in Resident-Police Relations in Boston. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 38, 226-256.
55. Sunshine, J., & Tyler, T. R. (2003). The Role of Procedural Justice and Legitimacy in Shaping Public Support for Policing. Law and Society Review, 37(3), 513-547.
56. Tankebe, J., & Liebling, A. (Eds.). (2013). Legitimacy and Criminal Justice: An International Exploration. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
57. Tyler, T. R. (1990). Why People Obey the Law. New Haven: Yale University Press.
58. Tyler, T. R., & Huo, Y. J. (2002). Trust in the law: Encouraging public cooperation with police and courts. New York: Russell Sage.
59. Tyler, T. R., & Lind, E. (1992). A Relational Model of Authority in Groups. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (pp. 115-191). New York: Academic Press.
60. Villaveces-Izquierdo, S. (2010). Building Internal and External Constituencies for Police Reform: An Indonesian Case Study. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 12(2), 183-194.
61. Waddington, P. A. J. (1999). Policing Citizens: Authority and Rights. London: University College London Press.
2. Alpert, G., Dunham, R., & Piquero, A. (1998). On the Study of Neighborhoods and the Police. In G. Alpert & A. Piquero (Eds.), Community policing: Contemporary readings (pp. 309-326). Prospect Heights: Waveland.
3. Bhakti, I. N. (Ed.). (2004). Relasi TNI dan Polri dalam Penanganan Keamanan Dalam Negri (2000-2004) (Military-Police Relations in Handling State Security). Jakarta: Pusat Penelitian Politik LIPI.
4. Blais, E., & Dupont, B. (2005). Assessing the Capability of Intensive Police Programmes to Prevent Severe Road Accidents: A Systematic Review. British Journal of Criminology, 47, 914-937.
5. Braithwaite, J., Braithwaite, V., Cookson, M., & Dunn, L. (2010). Anomie and Violence: Non-Truth and Reconciliation in Indonesian Peacebuilding. Canberra: Australian National University E Press.
6. Buttle, J. W. (2003). 'What‟s Good For Them, Is Good For Us': Outside Influences on the Adoption of an Incapacitant Spray by the British Police. International Journal of Police Science Management, 5(2), 99-111.
7. Buttle, J. W., Davies, S. G., & Meliala, A. (under review). To Police Indonesia is to be Corrupt: Understanding the Persistence of Police Corruption in Contemporary Indonesia.
8. Caldero, M. A., & Crank, J. P. (2011). Police Ethics: The Corruption of Noble Cause. San Francisco: Anderson Publishing.
9. Crisp, D. (1990). The Police and the Public: Home Office Research and Statistics Department.
10. Dajoh, E. M. F., & Ismail, S. (1997). Polisi Pamong Praja: Hari Ini dan Esok (Civil Service Police: Today and Tomorrow). Jakarta: Kantor Kentraman dan Ketertiban Pemerintah DKI
11. Davies, S. G. (2011). Gender Diversity in Indonesia: Sexuality, Islam, and Queer Selves. London: RoutledgeCurzon.
12. Davies, S. G., Meliala, A., & Buttle, J. (2013a). Ari‟s Audacity: How Can You be a Straight Cop When People Just Give you Money Inside Indonesia, 113(Jul-Sep), http://www.insideindonesia.org/feature-editions/ari-s-audacity.
13. Davies, S. G., Meliala, A., & Buttle, J. (2013b). Indonesia‟s Secret Police Weapon: Perfectly Coiffed Hair And Rose-Pink Cheeks Underpin Polri‟s Latest Policing Tactic. Inside Indonesia, 111(Jan-Mar).
14. Djamin, A. L. (1999). Menuju Polri Mandiri yang Profesional (The Limits of an Independent, Professional Police Force). Jakarta: Yayasan Tenaga Kerja.
15. Djani, L. (2009). Democratic Decentralization and its Enemy. In R. Rokim, R. Amri, E. Imran, N. M, & N. Razak (Eds.), Indonesia Economic Almanac. Jakarta: Pustaka Bisnis Indonesia.
16. Flanagan, T., & Vaughn, M. S. (1995). Public Opinion about Abuse of Force. In W. A. Geller & H. Toch (Eds.), And Justice For All. Washington DC: The Police Executive Research Forum.
17. Garriott, W. (Ed.). (2013). Policing and Contemporary Governance: The Anthropology of Police in Practice. London: Palgrave Macmillan.18. Gerber, T. P., & Mendelson, S. E. (2008). Public Experiences of Police Violence and Corruption in Contemporary Russia: A Case of Predatory Policing? . Law and Society Review, 42(1), 1-43.
19. Hawdon, J. (2008). Legitimacy, trust, social capital, and policing styles: A theoretical statement. Police Quarterly, 11, 182-201.
20. Hawdon, J., & Ryan, J. (2003). Police-resident interactions and satisfaction with the police: An empirical test of community policing assertions. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 14, 55-74.
21. International Crisis Group. (2001). Indonesia: National Police Reform. Retrieved from http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/asia/south-east-asia/indonesia/013-indonesia-national-police-reform.aspx
22. International Crisis Group. (2004). Indonesia: Rethinking Internal Security Strategy. Retrieved from http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/asia/south-east-asia/indonesia/090-indonesia-rethinking-internal-security-strategy.aspx
23. International Crisis Group. (2012). Indonesia: The Deadly Cost of Poor Policing. Retrieved from http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/asia/south-east-asia/indonesia/218-indonesia-the-deadly-cost-of-poor-policing.aspx
24. Interpol. (2014). http://www.interpol.int/Member-countries/Asia-South-Pacific/Indonesia
25. Jackson, J., & Sunshine, J. (2007). Public Confidence in Policing: A Neo-Durkheimian Perspective. British Journal of Criminology, 47(214-233).
26. Jansen, D. (2008). Relations Among Security and Law Enforcement Institutions in Indonesia Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International and Strategic Affairs, 30(3), 429-454.
27. Jefferson, T. (1990). The Case Against Paramilitary Policing. Bristol: Open University Press.
28. Kepala Kepolsian Negara Republik Indonesia. (2012). Policing Leaders Meeting Report. Indonesia's National Police. Jakarata.
29. Keppeler, V. E., Sluder, R. D., & Alpert, G. P. (1998). Forces of Deviance: Understanding the Dark Side of Policing. Waveland Press
30. Kingsley, J. (2010). Tuan Guru, Community and Conflict in Lombok, Indonesia. University of Melbourne, Melbourne.
31. Kristiansen, S., & Trijono, L. (2005). Authority and Law Enforcement: Local Government Reforms and Security Systems in Indonesia. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 27(2).
32. Markas Besar Kepolisian Republik Indonesia. (1999). Sejarah Kepolisian di Indonesia (The History of Police in Indonesia). Jakarta: Mabes Polri.
33. Meliala, A. (2001a). The Notion of Sensitivity in Policing. International Journal of the Sociology of Law, 29, 99-111.
34. Meliala, A. (2001b). Police as Military: Indonesia's Experience. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 24(3), 420-431.
35. Meliala, A. (2002a). Local Colours for Indonesian National Police. Policing and Society, 12(2), 153-161.
36. Meliala, A. (2002b). Research Note, Policing and Society. Policing and Society: An International Journal of Research and Policy, 12(2), 153-161.
37. Metropolitan Police. (2013). Survey in the MPS: Londoners‟ Veiws Count. Total Policing, Nov, 1-3.
38. Morgan, R., & Newburn, T. (1997). The Future of Policing. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
39. Muradi. (2014). Politics and Governance in Indonesia: The Police in the Era of Reformasi. London: Routledge
40. Murphy, K. (2009). Public Satisfaction with Police: The Importance of Procedural Justice and Police Performance in Police-Citizen Encounters. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 42(2), 159-178.
41. Murphy, K., & Cherney, A. (2012). Understanding Cooperation with Police in a Diverse Society. British Journal of Criminology, 52, 181-201.
42. Newburn, T. (1999). Understanding and Preventing Police Corruption. London: Home Office.
43. Oluwaniji, O. O. (2011). Police and the Institution of Corruption in Nigeria. Policing and Society, 21(1), 67-83.
44. Paes-Machado, E. N., C.V. (2002). Policing the Brazilian Poor: Resistance to and Acceptance of Police Brutality in Urban Popular Classes (Salvador, Brazil). International Criminal Justice Review, 12, 53-76.
45. Pino, N. W., & Johnson, L. M. (2011). Police Deviance and Community Relations in Trinidad and Tobago. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 34(3), 454-478.46. Prasetyo, E., Muqoddas, B., Marzuki, S., Riyadi, E., Arham, L., Imran, & Soekamid. (2005). The Role of the Police in Socio-Political conflicts in Indonesia. Pusham UII, The Asia Foundation,Yogyakarta.
47. Punch, M. (2000). Police Corruption and its Prevention. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 8(301-324).
48. Punch, M., & Gilmour, S. (2010). Police Corruption: Apples, Barrels and Orchards. Criminal Justice Matters, 79(1), 10-12.
49. Rahmawati, A., & Azca, N. (2006). Police Reform from Below: Examples from Indonesia's Transition to Democracy. Democracy, Conflict and Human Security, 2, 53-67.
50. Sherman, L. W. (1974). Police Corruption: A Sociological Perspective. Garden City, NY: Doubleday Anchor Books.
51. Sims, L., & Myhill, A. (2001). Policing and the Public: Findings from the 2000 British Crime Survey London: Development and Statistics Directorate, Home Office Research.
52. Stasch, R. (2001). Giving up Homicide: Korowai Experience of Witches and Police (West Papua). Oceania, 72(1), 33-52.
53. Stein, K., & Lambang, T. (2005). Authority and Law Enforcement: Local Government Reforms and Security Systems in Indonesia. Contemporary South East Asia, 27(2), 1-10.
54. Stoutland, S. E. (2001). The Multiple Dimensions of Trust in Resident-Police Relations in Boston. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 38, 226-256.
55. Sunshine, J., & Tyler, T. R. (2003). The Role of Procedural Justice and Legitimacy in Shaping Public Support for Policing. Law and Society Review, 37(3), 513-547.
56. Tankebe, J., & Liebling, A. (Eds.). (2013). Legitimacy and Criminal Justice: An International Exploration. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
57. Tyler, T. R. (1990). Why People Obey the Law. New Haven: Yale University Press.
58. Tyler, T. R., & Huo, Y. J. (2002). Trust in the law: Encouraging public cooperation with police and courts. New York: Russell Sage.
59. Tyler, T. R., & Lind, E. (1992). A Relational Model of Authority in Groups. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (pp. 115-191). New York: Academic Press.
60. Villaveces-Izquierdo, S. (2010). Building Internal and External Constituencies for Police Reform: An Indonesian Case Study. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 12(2), 183-194.
61. Waddington, P. A. J. (1999). Policing Citizens: Authority and Rights. London: University College London Press.
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Published
2015-01-04
How to Cite
Davies, S. G., Buttle, J., & Meliala, A. (2015). If You Lose Your Goat: Public perceptions of police in Indonesia. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH, 6(2), 1036–1046. https://doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v6i2.4215
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