Antibacterial Activity of the Original Dietary Supplement Oxidal® in Vitro
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v11i.8716Keywords:
Oxidal®, Anolyte, S. Aureus, E. Coli, Antibacterial Activity, Minimum Inhibitory ConcentrationsAbstract
Studies have been conducted to determine the antibacterial effect of Oxidal® and anolyte against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The bacterial strains tested showed high sensitivity to the dietary supplement Oxidal® and to anolyte, as well as to the control antibiotic Thiamphenicol. The mean MPC50 values of Oxidal® for Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus (0.21 ± 0.13 mg/ml) were lower than those for Gram-negative E. coli (0.55 ± 0.24 mg/ml). The dose that fully suppressed S. aureus growth was 0.86 ± 0.52 mg/ml, while for E. coli this dose was significantly higher - 2.40 ± 0.80 mg/ml (P<0.05). For the antibiotic Thiamphenicol, the results were opposite - the mean MPC50 values for E. coli (2.40 ± 0.80) were lower than those for S. aureus (3.71 ± 2.86). Under the influence of 10% Oxidal® solution, the amount of viable S. aureus and E. coli decreased by more than 30% over the untreated control after 20 min. After 45 minutes, only 37% of S. aureus cells and 19% of E. coli cells developed upon cultivation, and after 90 minutes of exposure, about 20% of the cells of the microorganisms understudy of both species remained viable. The fresh anolyte and the one stored for 1 year inactivated S. aureus and E. coli for 2 min in a suspension at a density of 106 cells/ml.
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References
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21. Popova, T. P., T. Petrova, I. Ignatov and S. Karadzhov. (2020). Preliminary in vitro Investigations on the Inhibitory Activity of the Original Dietary Supplement Oxidal® on Pathogenic Bacterial Strains. Journal of Advances in Agriculture, 11, 37-43, ISSN: 2349-0837, https://rajpub.com/index.php/jaa DOI: https://doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v11i.8693,
22. Sung SookChoi, S. S., H. K. Lee, H. S. Chae (2010). In vitro Photodynamic Antimicrobial Activity of Methylene Blue and Endoscopic White Light Against Helicobacter pylori 26695. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 101, 3, 206-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.07.004
23. Valcheva, N., Ignatov, I., Dinkov, G. (2020) Microbiological and Physicochemical Research of Thermal Spring and Mountain Spring Waters in the District of Sliven, Bulgaria, Journal of Advances in Microbiology, 20, 2, 9-17.
24. Wagner, S. J. (2002). Virus Inactivation in Blood Components by Photoactive Phenothiazine Dyes. Transfusion Medicine Reviews, 16, 1, 61-66. https://doi.org/10.1053/tmrv.2002.29405
25. Wagner S. J., Skripchenko A., Robinette D., Mallory D.A., Hirayama J., Cincotta L., Foley J. (2000). The Use of Dimethylmethylene Blue for Virus Photoinactivation of Red Cell Suspensions. Dev. Biol. (Basel). 102: 125–9. PMID 10794099.
26. World Health Organization (2019). Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes in Health-care Facilities in Low- and Middle-income Countries: a WHO Practical Toolkit. World Health Organization. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/329404.
2. Authman, S. H., Z. O. Shatti (2015). Effect of Methylene Blue on the Growth of Bacteria Isolated From Patients with Atopic Dermatitis, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316463474.
3. Choi, S. S., H. K. Lee, H. S. Chae (2010). In vitro Photodynamic Antimicrobial Activity of Methylene Blue and Endoscopic White Light Against Helicobacter pylori 26695. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 101, 3, 206-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.07.004
4. Elumalai, K., S. Velmurugan, S. Ravi, V. Kathiravan, G. Adaikala Raj (2015). Bio-approach: Plant Mediated Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles and Their Catalytic Reduction of Methylene Blue and Antimicrobial Activity. Advanced Powder Technology, 26, 6, 1639-1651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2015.09.008
5. Ericsson, H. M., J. S. Sherris (1971). Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing. Acta Path. Microb. Scand. Suppl., 217, 3 – 86.
6. Gao, L., S. Jiang, Y. Sun, M. Deng, Q. Wu, M. Li and T. Zeng (2016). Evaluation of the Effects of Photodynamic Therapy Alone and Combined with Standard Antifungal Therapy on Planktonic Cells and Biofilms of Fusarium spp. and Exophiala spp. Front Microbiol. 7, 617. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00617. PMCID: PMC4847004. PMID: 27199946. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00617
7. Gluhchev, G., Ignatov, I., Karadzhov, S., Miloshev, G., Ivanov, N., Mosin, O.V. (2015), Studying the Antimicrobial and Antiviral Effects of Electrochemically Activated Nacl Solutions of Anolyte and Catholyte on a Strain of E. coli DH5 and Classical Swine Fever (CSF) Virus, European Journal of Medicine, Vol. 9., No. 3., pp. 124-138. https://doi.org/10.13187/ejm.2015.9.124
8. Ignatov, I. (2019). Electrochemically Activated Water Catholyte for Activation of Shape and Recovery in the Sport, Int. Conference on Medicine and Football, Sofia, Bulgaria, Journal of Medicine and Sport, 3-4, 30-33.
9. Ignatov, I. (2020) Antiviral Effects of Nano Colloidal Silver, Water Catholyte, Oxidal with Methylene Blue. Possible Effects of Influence over Coronavirus SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 with Disease COVID-19, Global Congress on Infectious Disease, SciTech Infectious Diseases 2020.
10. Ignatov, I., Gencheva, N., Marinov, T., Yaneva, I., Angelcheva, M., Dinkov, G., Angushev, I. (2020 a) Electrochemically Activated Water Catholyte for the Activation of Hydrogen Ions and ATP for Sport’s Shape and Recovery, Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 32 (4): 112-119.
11. Ignatov, I., Gluhchev, G. (2019) Effects of Electrochemically Activated Water Catholyte and Anolyte on Human Health, 8th World Congress on Immunology, Pulsus, London, 3, 12-13.
12. Ignatov, I., Gluhchev, G., Karadzhov, G., Yaneva, I., Valcheva, N., Dinkov, G., Popova, T., Petrova, T., Mehandjiev, D., Akszjonovich, I. (2020 b). Dynamic Nano Clusters of Water on Waters Catholyte and Anolyte: Electrolysis with Nano Membranes, Physical Science International Journal, 24, 1, 46-54. https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2020/v24i130173
13. Ignatov, I., Karadzhov, S., Gluhchev, G., Yakimov, I. (2018) Electromagnetically Activated Water - Properties and Effects, Bulgarian Journal of Public Health, 10, 4, 63-69.
14. Karadzhov, S., Ignatov, I., Najdenski, H., Popova, T., Luepcke, W., Gluhchev, G., Kolev, N., Balabanov, S. (2019) Distribution Trends of African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) through Water, European Journal of Molecular Biotechnology, Vol. 7, No. 2
15. Naik, A. J. T., S. Ismail, C. Kay, M. Wilson, I. P.Parkin (2011). Antimicrobial Activity of Polyurethane Embedded with Methylene Blue, Toluidene Blue and Gold Nanoparticles Against Staphylococcus aureus; Illuminated with White Light. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 129, 1–2, 446-450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2011.04.040
16. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards: Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Ninths Informational Supplement. NCCLS Document M100 – S9, Vol. 18, No 1, 1999.
17. Perni, S., C. Piccirillo, J. Pratten, P. Prokopovich, W. Chrzanowski, I. P. Parkin, M. Wilson (2009). The Antimicrobial Properties of Light-activated Polymers Containing Methylene Blue and Gold Nanoparticles. Biomaterials, 30, 1, 89-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.09.020
18. Piccirillo, C., S. Perni, J. Gil-Thomas, P. Prokopovich, M. Wilson, J. Pratten and I. P. Parkin (2009). Antimicrobial Activity of Methylene Blue and Toluidine Blue O Covalently Bound to a Modified Silicone Polymer Surface. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 34, 6167-6171. https://doi.org/10.1039/b905495b
19. Popova, T., Petrova, T., Karadzhov, S. (2016 a). Investigation of the Action of the Anolyte after Different Storage Times on the Gram-negative Bacteria, Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci., 5, 9, 530-539. ISSN: 2319-7692. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.509.059
20. Popova, T., Petrova, T., Karadzhov, S., Krustanova. G. (2016 b). Investigation of the Biocidal Effect of Electrochemically Activated Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solution on Staphylococcus aureus. Traditions and Modernity in Veterinary Medicine, Scientific Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of University of Forestry, Sofia, 1, 1, 67-72. ISSN 2534-9341.
21. Popova, T. P., T. Petrova, I. Ignatov and S. Karadzhov. (2020). Preliminary in vitro Investigations on the Inhibitory Activity of the Original Dietary Supplement Oxidal® on Pathogenic Bacterial Strains. Journal of Advances in Agriculture, 11, 37-43, ISSN: 2349-0837, https://rajpub.com/index.php/jaa DOI: https://doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v11i.8693,
22. Sung SookChoi, S. S., H. K. Lee, H. S. Chae (2010). In vitro Photodynamic Antimicrobial Activity of Methylene Blue and Endoscopic White Light Against Helicobacter pylori 26695. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 101, 3, 206-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.07.004
23. Valcheva, N., Ignatov, I., Dinkov, G. (2020) Microbiological and Physicochemical Research of Thermal Spring and Mountain Spring Waters in the District of Sliven, Bulgaria, Journal of Advances in Microbiology, 20, 2, 9-17.
24. Wagner, S. J. (2002). Virus Inactivation in Blood Components by Photoactive Phenothiazine Dyes. Transfusion Medicine Reviews, 16, 1, 61-66. https://doi.org/10.1053/tmrv.2002.29405
25. Wagner S. J., Skripchenko A., Robinette D., Mallory D.A., Hirayama J., Cincotta L., Foley J. (2000). The Use of Dimethylmethylene Blue for Virus Photoinactivation of Red Cell Suspensions. Dev. Biol. (Basel). 102: 125–9. PMID 10794099.
26. World Health Organization (2019). Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes in Health-care Facilities in Low- and Middle-income Countries: a WHO Practical Toolkit. World Health Organization. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/329404.
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Published
2020-04-19
How to Cite
Popova, P. T. P. (2020). Antibacterial Activity of the Original Dietary Supplement Oxidal® in Vitro. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE, 11, 71–78. https://doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v11i.8716
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