Impatiens ‘New Guinea’ (Impatiens hawkeri Bull) Hormonal Effects during the Post-transplant Biomass Accumulation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v10i0.8119Keywords:
auxins, cytokinins, growth, ornamentalsAbstract
Pot ornamental plant productivity is related to the environmental growth facilities but negatively affected by the pot root restriction syndrome so during nursery as the post-transplant stage. The physiological mechanism involved included both the synthesis and translocation of auxins and cytokinins. However, clear sink-source and dose-response relationships of exogenous plant regulators such as indole acetic acid (AIA) and benzyl amino purine (BAP) and environment on biomass accumulation in most ornamental foliage plants, including New Guinea Impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri) are lacking. The aim of this work was to analyze the effects of an exogenously shoot-applied auxin and a cytokinin, separately or successively, on the post-transplant biomass accumulation of I. hawkeri through the anatomical, morphological and physiological changes observed. Two experiments were performed. The first experiment included the response to only BAP-sprayed plants (0, 5, 50, or 100 mg L-1). For the second experiment, rooting cuttings of I. hawkeri were sprayed with different concentrations of IAA (0, 5, 50, or 100 mg L-1) followed by different BAP concentrations (0, 5, 50, or 100 mg L-1) one week later to run-off at sunset. Results showed that (a) a single BAP or AIA dose increased increase post-transplant biomass accumulation through a higher leaf area expansion and photo assimilate production, (b) as a result of both AIA and BAP spray, the higher NAR the higher post-transplant biomass accumulation, (c) leaf anatomical changes (leaf thickness, intercellular spaces) let a higher carbon dioxide diffusion and fixation with a correlative increase in photo assimilates, (d) a higher root system would be related to a higher cytokinin synthesis. In summary, similarities between responses to either hormone, together with the lack of any IAA - BAP interaction, provide two independent routes for commercial growers to increase the productivity of I. hawkeri ornamental plants by using early foliar sprays.
Downloads
References
Ahkami, A.H.; Lischewski, S.; Haensch, K.T.; Porfirova, S.; Hofmann, J.; Rolletschek, H.; Melzer, M.; Franken, P.; Hause, B.; Druege, U.; Hajirezaei, M.R. Molecular physiology of adventitious root formation in Petunia hybrida cuttings: involvement of wound response and primary metabolism. New Phytologist, 2009, 181, 613-625.
Aloni, R.; Langhans, M.; Aloni, E.; Dreieicher, E.; Ullrich, C.I. Root-synthesized cytokinin in Arabidopsis is distributed in the shoot by the transpiration stream. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2005, 56, 1535-1544.
Bishopp, A.; Lehesranta, S.; Vatén, A.; Help, H.; El-Showk, S.; Scheres, B.; Helariutta, K.; Mähonen, A.P.; Sakakibara, H.; Helariutta, Y. Phloem-transported cytokinin regulates polar auxin transport and maintains vascular pattern in the root meristem. Current Biology, 2011, 21, 927-932.
Bögre, L.; Magyar, Z.; López-Juez, E. New clues to organ size control in plants. Genome Biology, 2008, 9, 226-233.
Boonman, A.; Prinsen, Z.; Gilmer, F.; Schurr, U.; Peeters, A.J.M.; Voesenek, L.A.C.J.; Pons, T.L. Cytokinin import rate as a signal for photosynthetic acclimation to canopy light gradients. Plant Physiology, 2007, 143, 1841-1852.
Brenner, W.G.; Schmülling, T. Summarizing and exploring data of a decade of cytokinin-related transcriptomics. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2015, 6, 29.
Chen, B.J.; During, H.J.; Vermeulen, P.J.; Kroon, H.; Poorter, H.; Anten, N.P. Corrections for rooting volume and plant size reveal negative effects of neighbour presence on root allocation in pea. Functional Ecology, 2015, 29, 1383-1391.
Coro, M.; Araki, A.; Rattin, J.; Miravé, P.; Di Benedetto, A. Lettuce and celery responses to both BAP and PBZ related to the plug cell volume. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 2014, 4, 1103-1119.
Currey, C.J.; Lopez, R.G. Biomass accumulation and allocation, photosynthesis, and carbohydrate status of New Guinea impatiens, geranium, and petunia cuttings are affected by photosynthetic daily light integral during root development. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 2015, 140, 542-549.
Della Gaspera, P.; Teruel, J.; Giardina, E.; Di Benedetto, A. Physiological and technological consequences of benzyl adenine (BAP) application on Butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex Poir.) productivity. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 2016, 13, 1-11.
De Lojo, J.; Di Benedetto, A. Biomass accumulation and leaf shape can be modulated by an exogenous spray of 6-benzylaminopurine in the ornamental foliage plant Monstera deliciosa (Liebm.). Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 2014, 89, 136-140.
De Lojo, J.; Gandolfo E.; Gómez D.; Feuring V.; Monti S.; Giardina E.; Boschi C.; Di Benedetto A. Root restriction effects on the bedding pot plant Impatiens walleriana. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 2017, 15, 1-16.
Demura, T.; Ye, Z.H. Regulation of plant biomass production. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2010, 13, 298-303.
Di Benedetto, A.; Pagani, A. Dry weight accumulation in the Impatiens walleriana pot plant in responses to different pre-transplant plug cell volume. European Journal of Horticultural Science, 2013, 78, 76-85.
Di Benedetto, A.; Molinari, J.; Boschi, C.; Benedicto, D.; Cerrotta, M.; Cerrotta, G. Estimating crop productivity for three ornamental foliage plants. International Journal of Agricultural Research, 2006, 1, 522-533.
Di Benedetto, A.; Tognetti, J.; Galmarini, C. Biomass production in ornamental foliage plants: Crop productivity and mechanisms associated to exogenous cytokinin supply. The Americas Journal of Plant Science & Biotechnology, 2010, 4, 1-22.
Di Benedetto, A., Galmarini, C.; Tognetti, J. Changes in leaf size and in the rate of leaf production contribute to cytokinin-mediated growth promotion in Epipremnum aureum L. cuttings. Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 2013, 88, 179-186.
Di Benedetto, A., C. Galmarini, C.; Tognetti, J.. Exogenous cytokinin promotes Epipremnum aureum L. growth through enhanced dry weight assimilation rather than through changes in partitioning. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 2015a, 5, 419-434.
Di Benedetto, A.; Galmarini, C.; Tognetti, J. Effects of combined or single exogenous auxin and/or cytokinin applications on growth and leaf area development in Epipremnum aureum. Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 2015b, 90, 643-654.
Di Benedetto, A.; Galmarini C.; Tognetti J. New insight into how thigmomorphogenesis affects Epipremnum aureum L.: Interactions between vine training system and exogenous auxin and cytokinin action in plant development. Horticultura Brasileira, 2018, 36, 330-340.
Di Matteo, J.; Rattin, J.; Di Benedetto, A. Increase of spinach growth through the use of larger plug cell volume and an exogenous BAP spray. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 2015, 6, 372-383.
Durbak, A.; Yao, H.; Mc Steen, P. Hormone signaling in plant development. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2012, 15, 92-96.
Feller, C.; Favre, P.; Janka, A.; Zeeman, S.C.; Gabriel, J.P.; Reinhardt, D. Mathematical modeling of the dynamics of shoot-root interactions and resource partitioning in plant growth. PloS One, 2015, 10, e0127905.
Francis, D.; Halford, N.G. Nutrient sensing in plant meristems. Plant Molecular Biology, 2006, 60, 981-993.
Gandolfo, E.; De Lojo, J.; Gómez, D.; Pagani, A.; Molinari, J.; Di Benedetto, A. Anatomical changes involved in the response of Impatiens wallerana to different pre-transplant plug cell volumes and BAP sprays. European Journal of Horticultural Science, 2014, 79, 226-232.
Garay?Arroyo, A.; De La Paz Sánchez, M.; García?Ponce, B.; Azpeitia, E.; Álvarez?Buylla, E.R. Hormone symphony during root growth and development. Developmental dynamics, 2012, 241, 1867-1885.
Garrido, G.; Arnao, M.B.; Acosta, M.; Sánchez-Bravo, J. Polar transport of indole-3-acetic acid in relation to rooting in carnation cuttings: influence of cold storage duration and cultivar. Biologia Plantarum, 2003, 47, 481-485.
Geraci, J.; Di Matteo J.; Feuring V.; Giardina E.; Di Benedetto A. (Exogenous BAP spray on biomass accumulation in spinach. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 2018, 25, 1- 17.
Ghanem M.E.; Albacete, A.; Smigocki, A.C.; Frebort, I.; Pospilova, H.; Martinez-Andujar, C.; Acosta, M.; Sanchez-Bravo, J.; Lutts, S.; Dodd, I.C.; Perez-Alfocea, F. Root synthesized cytokinins improve shoot growth and fruit yield in salinized tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2011, 6, 125-140.
Gonzalez, N., De Bodt, S.; Sulpice, R.; Jikumaru, Y.; Chae, E.; Dhondt, S.; Van Daele, T.; De Milde, L.; Weigel, D.; Kamiya, Y.; Stitt, M.; Beemster, G.T.S.; Inze, D. Increased leaf size: Different means to an end. Plant Physiology, 2010, 153, 1261-1279.
Hake, S.; Smith, H.M.; Holtan, H.; Magnani, E.; Mele, G.; Ramirez, J. The role of KNOX genes in plant development. Annual Review of Cell Development Biology, 2004, 20, 125-15.
Han, H.; Zhang, S.; Sun, X. Review on the molecular mechanism of plants rooting modulated by auxin. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2009, 8, 348-353.
Hao, Y.; Cui, H. SHORT-ROOT regulates vascular patterning, but not apical meristematic activity in the Arabidopsis root through cytokinin homeostasis. Plant Signaling and Behavior, 2012, 7, 314-317.
Hay, A.; Tsiantis, M. KNOX genes: Versatile regulators of plant development and diversity. Development, 2010, 137, 3153-3165.
Hepworth, J.; Lenhard, M. Regulation of plant lateral-organ growth by modulating cell number and size. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2014, 17, 36-42.
Holt, A. L.; Van Haperen, J.M.; Groot, E.P.; Laux, T. Signaling in shoot and flower meristems of Arabidopsis thaliana. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2014, 17, 96-102.
Hutchinson, V.A.; Currey, C.J.; Lopez, R.G. Photosynthetic daily light integral during root development influences subsequent growth and development of several herbaceous annual bedding plants. HortScience, 2012, 47, 856-860.
Hwang, I.; Sheen, J.; Müller, B. Cytokinin signaling networks. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2012, 63, 353-80.
Kieber, J.J.; Schaller, G. E. Cytokinins. The Arabidopsis Book, 2014, 12, e0168.
[40] Klopotek, Y.; Haensch, K.T.; Hause, B.; Hajirezaei, M.R.; Druege, U. Dark exposure of petunia cuttings strongly improves adventitious root formation and enhances carbohydrate availability during rooting in the light. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2010, 167, 547-554.
Kudo, T.; Kiba, T.; Sakakibara, H. Metabolism and long-distance translocation of cytokinins. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2010, 52, 53-60.
Lopez, R.G.; Runkle, E.S. Photosynthetic daily light integral during propagation influences rooting and growth of cuttings and subsequent development of New Guinea impatiens and petunia. HortScience, 2008, 43, 2052-2059.
Magyar-Tabori, K.; Dobranski, J.; Teixeira Da Silva, J.A.; Bulley, S.M.; Hudak, I. The role of cytokinins in shoot organogenesis in apple. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 2010, 101, 251–267.
Molinari, J.; Pagani A.; Buyatti M.; Giardina E.; Di Benedetto A. Impatiens ‘New Guinea’ (Impatiens hawkeri Bull) propagation effects on the pre-transplant biomass accumulation. International Journal of Advances in Agriculture, 2018, 3, 1-15
Moon, J. & Hake, S. How a leaf gets its shape. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2011, 14, 24-30.
Muraro, D.; Byrne, H.; King, J.; Bennett, M. The rol of auxin and cytokinin signalling in specifying the root architecture of Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 2013, 317, 71-86.
Niinemets, U, Wright, I.J.; Evans, J.R. Leaf mesophyll diffusion conductance in 35 Australian sclerophylls covering a broad range of foliage structural and physiological variation. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2009, 60, 2433-2449.
Oguchi, R.; Hikosaka, K.; Hirose, T. Does the photosynthetic light-acclimation need change in leaf anatomy? Plant, Cell and Environment, 2003, 26, 505-512.
O’Hare, T.J.; Turnbull, C.G.N. Root growth, cytokinin and shoot dormancy in lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). Scientia Horticulturae, 2004, 102, 257-266.
Pagani, A.; Molinari, J.; Di Benedetto, A. BAP spray and plastic container responses on Asparagus officinalis L. crown growth. Journal of Life Science, 2013, 7, 827-835.
Perilli, S.; Moubayidin, L.; Sabatini, S. The molecular basis of cytokinin function. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2010, 13, 21-26.
Piotti, M.; Molinari, J.; Pagani, A.; Giardina, E.; Di Benedetto A. Root restriction effects on Zantedeschia aethiopica. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 2018, 23, 1-15.
Poorter, H., Niklas, K. J., Reich, P. B., Oleksyn, J., Poot, P.; Mommer, L. Biomass allocation to leaves, stems and roots: meta?analyses of interspecific variation and environmental control. New Phytologist, 2012, 193, 30-50.
Puig J.; Pauluzzi, G.; Guiderdoni, E.; Gantet, P. Regulation of shoot and root development through mutual signaling. Molecular Plant, 2012, 5, 974-983.
Rattin, J., Pico Estrada O.; Giardina E.; Di Benedetto A. Nursery pre- and post-transplant effects on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) growth and yield. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 2017, 18, 1-14.
Rattin, J.; Molinari J.; Giardina E.; Di Benedetto A. Tools for improving sweet corn yield. International Journal of Advances in Agriculture, 2018, 3, 1-14.
Ron’zhina, E.S. Cytokinin-regulated mesophyll cell division and expansion during development of Cucurbita pepo leaves. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2003a, 50, 646–655.
Ron’zhina, E.S. Effect of 6-benzylaminopurine on the structure of the photosynthetic apparatus of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2003b, 39, 411-417.
Santagostini, P.; Demotes-Mainard, S.; Huché-Thélier, L.; Leduc, N.; Bertheloot, J.; Guérin, V.; Bourbeillon, J.; Sakr, S.; Boumazad, R. Assessment of the visual quality of ornamental plants: Comparison of three methodologies in the case of the rose bush. Scientia Horticulturae, 2014, 168, 17-26.
Schaller, G.E.; Street, I.H.; Kieber, J.J. Cytokinin and the cell cycle. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2014, 21, 7-15.
Shani, E.; Ben-Gera, H.; Shleizer-Burko, S.; Burko, Y.; Weiss, D.; Ori, N. Cytokinin regulates compound leaf development in tomato. Plant Cell, 2010, 22, 3206-3217.
Skylar, A.; Wu, X. Regulation of meristem size by cytokinin signaling. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2011, 53, 446-454.
StatSoft. Electronic Statistics Textbook. Tulsa, OK, USA. 2013, http://www.statsoft.com/textbook/.
Strefeler, M.S.; Quené, R.J.W. Variability in Water Loss Patterns of New Guinea Impatiens Cultivars and Breeding Selections. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 1995, 120, 527-531.
Tabak, N.M.; Von Wettberg, E. Native and introduced jewelweeds of the Northeast. Northeastern Naturalist, 2008, 15, 159-176.
Tholen, D.; Boom, C.; Zhu, X.G. Opinion: Prospects for improving photosynthesis by altering leaf anatomy. Plant Science, 2012, 197, 92–101.
Tosens, T.; Niimets, U.; Vislap, V.; Eichelmann, H.; Diez, P.C. Developmental changes in mesophyll diffusion conductance and photosynthetic capacity under different light and water availabilities in Populus tremula: how structure constrains function. Plant Cell Environment, 2011, 35: 839-856.
Van Staden, J.; Zazimalova, E.; George, E.F. Plant growth regulators II: Cytokinins, their analogues and antagonists. In: George, E.F.; Hall, M.A.; De Klerk G.J. Eds., Plant Propagation by Tissue Culture Springer, 2008, The Netherlands.
Warton, D.I.; Duursma, R.A.; Falster, D.S.; Taskinen, S. smatr 3–an R package for estimation and inference about allometric lines. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 2012, 3, 257-259.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
All articles published in Journal of Advances in Linguistics are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
