A comprehensive, integrated study of the clavicle: Its topographical anatomy, biomechanical architecture and function; pathological anatomy of mid-shaft fractures and the decision-making process for a surgical approach when planning an intramedullary impl: Part 7: Biomechanical architecture and the cranking system of the clavicle

Gandhi  Harjeet Singh

doi:10.24297/ijct.v26i.9863

Authors

Gandhi Harjeet Singh Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v26i.9863

Keywords:

Clavicle, Clavicle fractures, Clavicle malunion, Biomechanics, Architecture, Crank, Hyperbolic paraboloid, Projectile delivery

Abstract

Highlights: The anatomy of the clavicle and pectoral girdle evolved for flying, brachiation and overhead projectile delivery. To attain these functions, the clavicle acquires the ‘claviform’ architecture beginning in the embryo through foetus to maturity in adulthood.

The engineering design of the clavicle and its functional form is like an aeroplane propeller, or a propeller mimics the clavicle. The less recognised features of the clavicle include variable torsion, version, and screw twist with a differential screw pitch. The strength, power generation, and energy storage are enabled by its hyperbolic paraboloid architecture, making the clavicle a precision, force-generating cranking system.

The various curves and screw motion augment muscle force to lift, throw and accelerate a projectile. The mechanical properties of a hyperbolic paraboloid clavicle confer greater strength due to the optimal ratio of its longitudinal curves, which react to tension and compression simultaneously, thereby distributing loads more evenly along its length.

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