Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil Catalysed by Crystalline Copper Doped Zinc Oxide Nanocatalyst
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24297/jac.v12i12.7343Keywords:
Biodiesel, Waste Cooking Oil, Copper doped Zinc Oxide, TransesterificationAbstract
Biodiesel has its unique position in the field of renewable energy as alternate fuel to diesel due to fuel price, energy requirement and petroleum crisis. In this study, biodiesel was produced from Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) using Copper doped Zinc Oxide (CZO) nanocatalysts. The synthesized Copper doped Zinc Oxide nanocatalysts were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM). Design of experiment was framed using Taguchi method to limit the experiments and to find the optimum reaction conditions. The effect of process parameters such as oil-to-methanol ratio (O/M), catalyst type, catalyst concentration, temperature and time on the transesterification reactions using characterized Copper doped Zinc Oxide nanocatalyst were investigated. The 4% (weight /weight) nanocatalyst concentration, 1:5 Oil to methanol molar ratio at 60°C temperature and 40 minutes of reaction time were found to be optimum, in which the maximum biodiesel yield of 98 % (w/w) was obtained. Hence it was determined that nanocatalysts exhibited good catalytic activities on biodiesel production from Waste Cooking Oil (WCO).
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References
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[28]Leung D.Y.C, Guo Y (2006) Transesterification of neat and used frying oil:Optimization for biodiesel production. Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 87, pp. 883–890. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2006.06.003
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[30]Gnanaprakasam A, Sivakumar V.M, Surendhar A, Thirumarimurugan M, Kannadasan T(2013)Recent Strategy of Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil and Process Influencing Parameters: A Review. Journal of Energy, vol.1-10. doi:10.1155/2013/926392
[31] Kambiz Tahvildari, Yasaman Naghavi Anaraki, Reza Fazaeli, Sogol Mirpanji, Elham Delrish (2015) The study of CaO and MgO heterogenic nano-catalyst coupling on transesterification reaction efficacy in the production of biodiesel from recycled cooking oil. Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, vol.13, pp. 73:1-9. doi: 10.1186/s40201-015-0226-7
[32] Feng Guo, Zhen-Gang Peng, Jian-Ying Dai,Zhi-Long Xiu (2010) Calcined sodium silicate as solid base catalyst for biodiesel production.Fuel Processing Technology, vol.91, pp. 322–328. doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.11.003
[2] Alhassan FH , Yunus R, Rashid U, Sirat K, Lee AI H.V, Taufiq-Yap YH (2013) Production of biodiesel from mixed waste vegetable oils using Ferric hydrogen sulphate as an effective reusable heterogeneous solid acid catalyst. Applied Catalysis A: General, vol.456, pp. 182–87. doi: 10.1016/j.apcata.2013.02.019
[3] Wan Omar WNR, Amin NAS (2011) Optimization of heterogeneous biodiesel production from waste cooking palm oil via response surface methodology. Biomass and bioenergy, vol.35, pp. 1329-1338.doi:1016/j.biombioe.2010.12.049
[4] Kumaran P, Mazlini N, Hussein I, Nazrain M, Khairul M (2011) Technical feasibility studies for Langkawi WCO (waste cooking oil) derived biodiesel. Energy, vol.36, pp. 1386-1393. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2011.02.002
[5] Soriano Jr NU, Venditti R, Argyropoulos DS (2009) Biodiesel synthesis via homogeneous Lewis acid-catalyzed transesterification. Fuel, vol.88, pp. 560–565. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2008.10.013
[6] Kawentara WA, Budimanb A (2013) Synthesis of biodiesel from second-used cooking oil. Energy Procedia, vol.32, pp. 190 –199. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2013.05.025
[7] Buczek B (2014) Diesel Fuel from Used Frying Oil. The Scientific World Journal,pp. 1-3. doi:10.1155/2014/683272
[8] Patle DS, Sharma S, Ahmad Z, Rangaiah G.P (2014) Multi-objective optimization of two alkali catalyzed processes for biodiesel from waste cooking oil. Energy Conversion and Management, vol.85, pp. 361–372. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2014.05.034
[9] Komintarachat C, Chuepeng S (2010) Methanol-Based Transesterification Optimization of Waste Used Cooking Oil over Potassium Hydroxide Catalyst. American Journal of Applied Sciences, vol.7(8), pp. 1073-1078. doi: 10.3844/ajassp.2010.1073.1078
[10] MagÃn Lapuerta , Jose M. Herreros , Lisbeth L. Lyons , Reyes GarcÃa-Contreras, Yolanda Briceno (2008) Effect of the alcohol type used in the production of waste cooking oil biodiesel on diesel performance and emissions. Fuel, vol. 87, pp. 3161–3169. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2008.05.013
[11]Canakci M, Ozsezen AN (2005) Evaluating waste cooking oil as alternative diesel fuel. GU Journal of Science, vol.18(1), pp. 81- 91.
[12] Georgogianni KG, Kontominas MG, Tegou E, Avlonitis D, Vergis V(2007) Biodiesel production: reaction and process parameters of alkali-catalysed transesterification of waste frying-oils. Energy Fuels, vol.21, pp. 3023–3027.
[13] Shivakumar P. Srinivasa Pai , Shrinivasa Rao B.R (2011) Artificial Neural Network based prediction of performance and emission characteristics of a variable compression ratio CI engine using WCO as a biodiesel at different injection timings. Applied Energy, vol.88, pp. 2344–2354. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.12.030
[14] Baskar G, Soumiya S (2016) Production of biodiesel from castor oil using iron (II) doped zinc oxide nanocatalyst. Renewable Energy xxx, pp.1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2016.02.068
[15] Ikenna C. Emeji, Ayo S. Afolabi (2015) Characterization and Kinetics of Biofuel Produced from Waste Cooking Oil.Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science Vol II WCECS, October 21-23, San Francisco, USA.
[16] Thirumarimurugan M, Sivakumar V. M, Merly Xavier A, Prabhakaran D, Kannadasan T (2012) Preparation of Biodiesel from Sunflower Oil by Transesterification. International Journal of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, vol.2, pp. 441-444.
[17] Hara M (2009) Environmentally benign production of biodiesel using heterogeneous catalysts. Chem. Sus. Chem,vol.2, pp. 129-135. doi:10.1002/cssc.200800222
[18] Sharma YC, Singh B, Upadhyay SN (2008) Advancements in development and characterization of biodiesel: A review. Fuel, vol.87, pp. 2355-2373. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2008.01.014
[19] Mishra AK, Das D (2010) Investigation on Fe-doped ZnO nanostructures prepared by a chemical route, Materials Science and Engineering B, vol. 171, pp. 5–10. doi:10.1016/j.mseb.2010.03.045
[20] Wenlei Xie, Zhenqiang Yang, Hong Chun (2007) Catalytic Properties of Lithium-Doped ZnO Catalysts Used for Biodiesel Preparations. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, vol. 46, pp. 7942-7949. doi:10.1021/ie070597s
[21] Tamilmagan, Aruna Maheswari, Priya Bijesh, Andal Gopal (2015) Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using green synthesized nanoFe2O3 and CuO impregnated nano Fe3O4. International Journal of ChemTech Research, vol.8, pp. 90-96.
[22] Yimer S, Sahu O (2014) Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil. Sustainable Energy, vol.2, pp. 81-84. doi:10.12691/rse-2-3-1
[23] Alhassan FH, Yunus R, Rashid U, Sirat K, Lee AI H.V, Taufiq-Yap YH (2013) Production of biodiesel from mixed waste vegetable oils using Ferric hydrogen sulphate as an effective reusable heterogeneous solid acid catalyst. Applied Catalysis A: General, vol.456, pp. 182–187. doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2013.02.019
[24] Kumaran P, Mazlini N, Hussein I, Nazrain M, Khairul M (2011) Technical feasibility studies for Langkawi WCO (waste cooking oil) derived biodiesel. Energy, vol.36, pp. 1386-1393. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2011.02.002
[25] Hossain A.B.M.S, Boyce A.N (2009) Biodiesel production from waste sunflower cooking oil as an environmental recycling process and renewable energy. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, vol. 15(4), pp. 312-317.
[26] Meng X, Chen G, Wang Y (2008) Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil via alkali catalyst and its engine test. Fuel Process Technol, vol.89, pp. 851–857. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2008.02.006
[27] Zabeti M, Wan Daud W M A, Aroua M K (2009) Activity of solid catalysts for biodiesel production: A review.Fuel process Technol, vol.90, pp. 770-777. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.03.010
[28]Leung D.Y.C, Guo Y (2006) Transesterification of neat and used frying oil:Optimization for biodiesel production. Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 87, pp. 883–890. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2006.06.003
[29] Meher L.C, Vidya Sagar, Naik S.N (2006) Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification - a review. Renew. Sust. Energy Rev. vol.10, pp. 248-268. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2004.09.002
[30]Gnanaprakasam A, Sivakumar V.M, Surendhar A, Thirumarimurugan M, Kannadasan T(2013)Recent Strategy of Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil and Process Influencing Parameters: A Review. Journal of Energy, vol.1-10. doi:10.1155/2013/926392
[31] Kambiz Tahvildari, Yasaman Naghavi Anaraki, Reza Fazaeli, Sogol Mirpanji, Elham Delrish (2015) The study of CaO and MgO heterogenic nano-catalyst coupling on transesterification reaction efficacy in the production of biodiesel from recycled cooking oil. Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, vol.13, pp. 73:1-9. doi: 10.1186/s40201-015-0226-7
[32] Feng Guo, Zhen-Gang Peng, Jian-Ying Dai,Zhi-Long Xiu (2010) Calcined sodium silicate as solid base catalyst for biodiesel production.Fuel Processing Technology, vol.91, pp. 322–328. doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.11.003
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Published
2016-12-22
How to Cite
R, S., R, V., & J, R. (2016). Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil Catalysed by Crystalline Copper Doped Zinc Oxide Nanocatalyst. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY, 12(12), 5798–5808. https://doi.org/10.24297/jac.v12i12.7343
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