Optical and Electrical Properties of Organic Conducting Polymers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24297/jac.v8i1.7103Keywords:
polymerization of poly (3-Methelthiophene), Electrical conductivity, UV-VIS, ab initio calculationsAbstract
Novel electrically conducting polymeric materials are prepared in this work. Polythiophene (PT) and poly (3-Methelthiophene) (P3MT) films were prepared by electro-polymerization method using cyclic voltammetry in acetonitrile as a solvent and lithium tetrafluoroborate as the electrolyte on a gold electrode. Electrical properties of P3MT have been examined in different environments using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and quantum mechanical ab initio calculations, The observed absorption peaks at 314 and 415 nm, were attributed to the n-π* and π-π* transitions, respectively in the conjugated polymer chain, in contrast, the observed absorbance peak at 649 nm, is responsible for electric conduction. The temperature dependence of the conductivity can be fitted to the Arrhenius and the VTF equations in different temperature ranges.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
[1] A.G. Mac Diarmid and A.J. Heeger, Organic Metals and Semiconductors: The Chemistry of Polyacetylene, (CH)x, and its Derivatives, Synth Met. 1(2) (1980), 101–118.
[2] S. Etemad, A. J. Heeger & A. G. Macdiarmid, Polyacetylene, (CH)X-the prototype conducting polymer. Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 33 (1982), 443–469.
[3] A. F. Diaz and K. K. Kanazawa in G. S. Miller(Ed). Extended Linear Chain Compounds. (Plenum Press, New York,1982, pp.3).
[4] G. Tourillon and F.Garnier, J. Electronal Chem.135 (1982)173.
[5] A. Yassar, J. Roncali and F.Garnier, Macromolecules. 22 (1989) 804.
[6] P. Bernier in French Polymer Group(Eds), Conducting Polymers,12th Congress on Polymers, September 1983, Rodez.
[7] S. Glennis and A. J. Franck, Synth Met. 28 (1989) 681.
[8] I. Youm, M. Caden and D. Laplaze, J. Chim. Phys. 89 (1992) 1111.
[9] H. Nguyen Cong, C.Sene and P. Chartier, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells. 30 (1993) 127.
[10] B. N. Grgur, M. M. Gvozdenovic, J. Stevanovic, B. Z. Jugovicand V. M. Mariuovi, Electrochim Acta. 53 (2008) 4627-4632.
[11] M. Gazard, Handbook of Conducting Polymers. Edited by T. A. Skotheim ( M. Dekker, New York, 1986 pp. 673).
[12] J. L. Bredas, J. C. Scott, K. Yakushi and G. B. Street, Phys. Rev. B30 (1984) 1023.
[13] R. S. Bobade, S. V. Pakade and S. P. Yawale, Electrical investigation of polythiophene–poly (vinyl acetate) composite films via VTF and impedance spectroscopy, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 355 (2009) 2410–2414.
[14] K. Gurunathan, A. Vadivel Murugan, R. Marimuthu, U. P. Mulik and D. P. Amalnerkar, Electrochemically synthesised conducting polymeric materials for applications towards technology in electronics, optoelectronics and energy storage devices, Mater. Chem. Phys. 61 (1999) 173-191.
[15] J. P. M. Nunes, M. J. Figueira, D. Belo, I. C. Santos, B. Ribeiro, E. B. Lopes, R.T. Henriques, C. Rovira and M. Almeida, Chem. Eur. J. 13 (2007) 9841.
[16] Chao Yang and Peng Liu, Core-shell attapulgite@polypyrrole composite with well-defined corn cob-like morphology via self-assembling and in situ oxidative polymerization, Synth Met. 159 (2009) 2056–2062.
[17] S. Geetha and D. C. Trivedi, Synth Met.155 (2005) 306-310.
[18] D. C. Trivedi, H.S.Nalwa (Ed), Handbook of Organic Conductive Molecules and Polymers,Vol 2, (John Wiley, New York,1997, pp. 505-572).
[19] K. Ehinger and S. Roth, Phil, Non-solitonic conductivity in polyacetylene, Philos. Mag. B. B53 (1986) 30.
[20] R. H. Baughman and L.W.Shacklette, Conductivity as a Function of Conjugation Length: Theory and Experiment for Conducting Polymer Complexes, Phys.Rev.B39. (1989) 5872.
[21] J. P. Travers, P. Audebert and G.Bidan, Conductivity measurements on polypyrrole and substituted polypyrroles, Mol.Crys. Liq. Cryst.118 (1985) 149.
[22] J. P. Parneix, M. Elkadiri and G. Tourillon, A.C. complex conductivity of lightly doped poly-3-methylthiophene, Synth Met. 25(3) (1988) 299-310.
[23] K. I . Popov, S. S. Djokic and B. N. Grgur, Fundamental Aspects of Electrometallurgy, (Kluwer Academicl Plenum Publishers, New York, 2002, 1-305).
[24] Y. Okamoto, T. F. Yeh, H. S. Lee and T. A. Skotheim, Design of alkaline metal ion conducting polymer electrolytes J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.31 (1993) 2573.
[25] G. S. Fulcher, Analysis of recent measurement of the viscosity of glasses, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 8 (1925) 339.
[26] G. Tamman G and W. Hesse, Die Abhängigkeit der Viscosität von der Temperatur bie unterkühlten Flüssigkeiten Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 19 (1926) 245-257.
[27] J. H.Gibbs and E. A. DiMarzio, Nature of the glass transition and the glassy state J. Chem. Phys. 28(1958) 373.
[28] M. A. Ratner, Polymer Electrolyte Reviews-1, edited by jr. maccallum and ca Vincent (Elsevier Applied Science, London,. England, 1987), 173.
[29] D. Bamford, A. Reiche, G. Dlubek, F. Alloin, J.Y. Sanchez and M.A. Alam, Ionic conductivity, glass transition, and local free volume in poly(ethylene oxide) electrolytes, J. Chem. Phys. 118 (2003) 9420.
[30] T.H. Joykumar Sing, S.V. Bhat, Morphology and conductivity studies of a new solid polymer electrolyte: (PEG)xLiClO4, Bull. Mater. Sci. 26 (2003) 707.
[31] D. Bamford, G. Dlubek, A. Reiche, M.A. Alam, W. Meyer, P. Galvosa and F. Rittig, The local free volume, glass transition, and ionic conductivity in a polymer electrolyte : A positron lifetime study J. Chem. Phys. 115 (2001) 7260.
[32] R.D. McCullough, R.D. Lowe, M. Jayaraman and D.L. Anderson, Design, Synthesis, and Control of Conducting Polymer Architectures: Structurally Homogeneous Poly(3-alkylthiophenes J-Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 904.
[33] JM. de Souza and EC. Pereira Luminescence of poly(3-thiopheneacetic acid) in alcohols and aqueous solutions of poly(vinyl alcohol), Synth Met 118 (2001) 167-170.
[34] Y. Jiang, Y. Shen and P. Wu, Self-assembly of multilayer films containing gold nanoparticles via hydrogen bonding. J Col Interf Sci 319 (2008) 398-405.
[35] C. Visy, J. Lukkan and J. Kankare, Electrochemical polymerization and redox transformations of polythiophene, Synth Met. 69 (1995) 319.
[36] M. Lapkowske and A. Pron, Electrochemical oxidation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) “in situ†conductivity and spectroscopic investigations, Synth. Met. 110 (2000) 79.
[37] Thierry Cassagneau, Thomas E. Mallouk, and Janos H. Fendler, Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Thin Film Zener Diodes from,Conducting Polymers and CdSe Nanoparticles, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 7848-7859.
[38] R.M. Silverstein, G.C. Bassler, T.C. Morrill, Spectrometric Identification Spectrometric identification of organic compounds, (John Wiley & Sons, New York, Chichester, 1991, 419).
[39] M. Levy, A. Nagy, Excited-state Koopmans theorem for ensembles, Phys Rev A. 59 (1999) 1687-1689.
[2] S. Etemad, A. J. Heeger & A. G. Macdiarmid, Polyacetylene, (CH)X-the prototype conducting polymer. Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 33 (1982), 443–469.
[3] A. F. Diaz and K. K. Kanazawa in G. S. Miller(Ed). Extended Linear Chain Compounds. (Plenum Press, New York,1982, pp.3).
[4] G. Tourillon and F.Garnier, J. Electronal Chem.135 (1982)173.
[5] A. Yassar, J. Roncali and F.Garnier, Macromolecules. 22 (1989) 804.
[6] P. Bernier in French Polymer Group(Eds), Conducting Polymers,12th Congress on Polymers, September 1983, Rodez.
[7] S. Glennis and A. J. Franck, Synth Met. 28 (1989) 681.
[8] I. Youm, M. Caden and D. Laplaze, J. Chim. Phys. 89 (1992) 1111.
[9] H. Nguyen Cong, C.Sene and P. Chartier, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells. 30 (1993) 127.
[10] B. N. Grgur, M. M. Gvozdenovic, J. Stevanovic, B. Z. Jugovicand V. M. Mariuovi, Electrochim Acta. 53 (2008) 4627-4632.
[11] M. Gazard, Handbook of Conducting Polymers. Edited by T. A. Skotheim ( M. Dekker, New York, 1986 pp. 673).
[12] J. L. Bredas, J. C. Scott, K. Yakushi and G. B. Street, Phys. Rev. B30 (1984) 1023.
[13] R. S. Bobade, S. V. Pakade and S. P. Yawale, Electrical investigation of polythiophene–poly (vinyl acetate) composite films via VTF and impedance spectroscopy, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 355 (2009) 2410–2414.
[14] K. Gurunathan, A. Vadivel Murugan, R. Marimuthu, U. P. Mulik and D. P. Amalnerkar, Electrochemically synthesised conducting polymeric materials for applications towards technology in electronics, optoelectronics and energy storage devices, Mater. Chem. Phys. 61 (1999) 173-191.
[15] J. P. M. Nunes, M. J. Figueira, D. Belo, I. C. Santos, B. Ribeiro, E. B. Lopes, R.T. Henriques, C. Rovira and M. Almeida, Chem. Eur. J. 13 (2007) 9841.
[16] Chao Yang and Peng Liu, Core-shell attapulgite@polypyrrole composite with well-defined corn cob-like morphology via self-assembling and in situ oxidative polymerization, Synth Met. 159 (2009) 2056–2062.
[17] S. Geetha and D. C. Trivedi, Synth Met.155 (2005) 306-310.
[18] D. C. Trivedi, H.S.Nalwa (Ed), Handbook of Organic Conductive Molecules and Polymers,Vol 2, (John Wiley, New York,1997, pp. 505-572).
[19] K. Ehinger and S. Roth, Phil, Non-solitonic conductivity in polyacetylene, Philos. Mag. B. B53 (1986) 30.
[20] R. H. Baughman and L.W.Shacklette, Conductivity as a Function of Conjugation Length: Theory and Experiment for Conducting Polymer Complexes, Phys.Rev.B39. (1989) 5872.
[21] J. P. Travers, P. Audebert and G.Bidan, Conductivity measurements on polypyrrole and substituted polypyrroles, Mol.Crys. Liq. Cryst.118 (1985) 149.
[22] J. P. Parneix, M. Elkadiri and G. Tourillon, A.C. complex conductivity of lightly doped poly-3-methylthiophene, Synth Met. 25(3) (1988) 299-310.
[23] K. I . Popov, S. S. Djokic and B. N. Grgur, Fundamental Aspects of Electrometallurgy, (Kluwer Academicl Plenum Publishers, New York, 2002, 1-305).
[24] Y. Okamoto, T. F. Yeh, H. S. Lee and T. A. Skotheim, Design of alkaline metal ion conducting polymer electrolytes J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.31 (1993) 2573.
[25] G. S. Fulcher, Analysis of recent measurement of the viscosity of glasses, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 8 (1925) 339.
[26] G. Tamman G and W. Hesse, Die Abhängigkeit der Viscosität von der Temperatur bie unterkühlten Flüssigkeiten Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 19 (1926) 245-257.
[27] J. H.Gibbs and E. A. DiMarzio, Nature of the glass transition and the glassy state J. Chem. Phys. 28(1958) 373.
[28] M. A. Ratner, Polymer Electrolyte Reviews-1, edited by jr. maccallum and ca Vincent (Elsevier Applied Science, London,. England, 1987), 173.
[29] D. Bamford, A. Reiche, G. Dlubek, F. Alloin, J.Y. Sanchez and M.A. Alam, Ionic conductivity, glass transition, and local free volume in poly(ethylene oxide) electrolytes, J. Chem. Phys. 118 (2003) 9420.
[30] T.H. Joykumar Sing, S.V. Bhat, Morphology and conductivity studies of a new solid polymer electrolyte: (PEG)xLiClO4, Bull. Mater. Sci. 26 (2003) 707.
[31] D. Bamford, G. Dlubek, A. Reiche, M.A. Alam, W. Meyer, P. Galvosa and F. Rittig, The local free volume, glass transition, and ionic conductivity in a polymer electrolyte : A positron lifetime study J. Chem. Phys. 115 (2001) 7260.
[32] R.D. McCullough, R.D. Lowe, M. Jayaraman and D.L. Anderson, Design, Synthesis, and Control of Conducting Polymer Architectures: Structurally Homogeneous Poly(3-alkylthiophenes J-Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 904.
[33] JM. de Souza and EC. Pereira Luminescence of poly(3-thiopheneacetic acid) in alcohols and aqueous solutions of poly(vinyl alcohol), Synth Met 118 (2001) 167-170.
[34] Y. Jiang, Y. Shen and P. Wu, Self-assembly of multilayer films containing gold nanoparticles via hydrogen bonding. J Col Interf Sci 319 (2008) 398-405.
[35] C. Visy, J. Lukkan and J. Kankare, Electrochemical polymerization and redox transformations of polythiophene, Synth Met. 69 (1995) 319.
[36] M. Lapkowske and A. Pron, Electrochemical oxidation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) “in situ†conductivity and spectroscopic investigations, Synth. Met. 110 (2000) 79.
[37] Thierry Cassagneau, Thomas E. Mallouk, and Janos H. Fendler, Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Thin Film Zener Diodes from,Conducting Polymers and CdSe Nanoparticles, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 7848-7859.
[38] R.M. Silverstein, G.C. Bassler, T.C. Morrill, Spectrometric Identification Spectrometric identification of organic compounds, (John Wiley & Sons, New York, Chichester, 1991, 419).
[39] M. Levy, A. Nagy, Excited-state Koopmans theorem for ensembles, Phys Rev A. 59 (1999) 1687-1689.
Downloads
Published
2014-03-05
How to Cite
Optical and Electrical Properties of Organic Conducting Polymers. (2014). JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY, 8(1), 1457–1463. https://doi.org/10.24297/jac.v8i1.7103
Issue
Section
Articles
License
All articles published in Journal of Advances in Linguistics are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
