Physicochemical characteristics of shea kernels and kinetics of shea butter press extraction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24297/jac.v10i3.6661Keywords:
shea; kernels; butter; boiling; physicochemical characterization; correlation; extraction; kinetics., shea, kernels, butter, boiling, physicochemical characterization, correlation, extraction, kineticsAbstract
Morphological study of some non conventional oil seeds are of great interest for the development of some communities. In this investigation, shea kernels from 4 localities in Chad were studied. The sun dried shea kernels from Beinamar locality had the greatest length (28.30 ±3,25 mm), diameter (20.58 ±2.46 mm), weight (5.56 ±1.52 g) and moisture content (3.79 ± 0.14 %), whereas the kernels of Penie village had the least values (24.25 ± 2.54, 19.02 ± 2.34, 4. 0 ± 1.01 and 3.54 ± 0.33 respectively) of the mentioned characteristics. On the other hand, the total lipid content of Penie’s shea kernels was the highest (58.5%) whereas that of Bolo village was the lowest one (53.53 ± 0.40 %). The acid value of the 4 samples was extremely high (25.31 ± 0.71- 38.30 ± 0.76 mg KOH/g oil), whereas the acid value of the oven dried shea kernels produced using boiling method was low (1.2 - 2.1). The kinetics of press extraction of shea butter suggested that the extraction time is 12 min.
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References
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oilseeds from different regions in Cameroon. Af. J. Biotechnol., 4: 1329-1334.
[2] Tano-Debrah K., and Ohta Y., 1994, Enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction of fat from kernels of shea butter tree
(Butyrospermum parkii ), J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc., 71: 979-983
[3] Kapseu C., Dirand M., Jiokap Y., Parmentier M., and Dellacherie J, 1999, Acides gras et triglycerides du beurre du karité
du Cameroun, Séminaire international sur le séchage et sur la valorisation du karité et de l‟aiélé, à l‟ENSAI (Ecole
Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agro Industrielles), Ngaoundéré (Cameroun), 1-3 décembre 1999, Editeurs: Kapseu
C and Kayem J., pp 135-143.
[4] Boateng R., 2005, Databank Research, Agro-Processing, Accra, Ghana, pp 1-13.
[5] Mbaiguinam M., Mbayhoudel K., and Djekota C., 2007, Physical and chemical characteristics of fruits, pulps, kernels and
butter of shea Butyrospermum parkii (Sapotaceae) from Mandoul southern Chad, Asian J. Biochem., 2: 101 – 110.
[6] Palmberg G., 1985. L‟échantillonnage dans la récolte des semences forestières. Amélioration génétique des arbres
forestiers. Cours de formation FAO/DANIDA Mérida Venezuela. Janv.-Fev. 1980, Etude FAO, Forêts 20, Rome 1985,
pp 44- 48.
[7] INADES – Formation, 2009. Etude du potentiel karité au Tchad, BIOCONS, pp 7 – 9.
[8] Krist, S., Bail, S., Unterweger, H., Ngassoum, M. B., Mohagir, A. M., and Buchbauer, G., 2006. “Volatile compounds of original African black and white shea butter from Tchad and Cameroonâ€, Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol.,vol.108, pp. 583-588.
[9] Adoum D., 1996. Technique artisanale d‟extraction du beurre de karité à Moyen Chari sud du Tchad, Actes du séminaire atelier oléagineux et petites technologies II, 23-27 Septembre 1996, «APICA, ENSAI», Editeur: André Eberrad, pp 92-96.
[10] Beauvilan A., 1994, Tableau de la pluviometrie dans les bassins du Tchad et de la Benoue, Centre National d‟Appui à la Recherche (CNAR), 103p.
[11] Pias J., 1956. Les formations sédimentaires de la cuvette Tchadienne et les sols qui en dérivent, Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer (ORSTOM), pp 58-63.
[12] Lovett P., 2004, The shea butter value chain „Refining in west Africa‟, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), WATH (West Africa Trade Hub) technical report No 2, 52 p.
[13] IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) , 1979, Méthodes d‟analyse des matières grasses et dérivées, 6 ième édition, 1ière partie 1.122, Institut des Corps Gras, Bordeaux, France.
[14] Tchiegang, C., Aboubakar, D., Kapseu C., & Parmentier, M., (2003). Etude des conditions d‟extraction de l‟huile par pressage des amandes de Ricinodendron heudelotii (Bail.) Pierre ex Pax, Journal of Food Engineering, 58: 363–371.
[15] AFNOR, 1981. (Association Française pour la Normalisation); « Recueil des normes françaises, Corps gras, graines oléagineuses, produits dérivés», 2ième édition, AFNOR, Paris, 438p.
[16] Sonntag N., 1982, Analytical methods, in: Bailey‟s Industrial Oil and Fat Products, (Edt. Swern, D), John Wiley and Sons, U.S.A., Vol.2, 4 th ed., pp 431-488.
[17] El Warraki, A. G., 1995, Technology of oils and fats „Extraction of oils and fats‟, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, (Arabic copy), pp 71-154.
[18] Krishnamurty, R. G., 1982. Cooking oils, salad oils and dressings, In: Bailey‟s Industrial Oil and Fat Products, (Edt. Swern, D), John Wiley and Sons, U.S.A., New-York, pp, 315-341.
[19] Anwar F., Anwar T., and Mahmood Z., 2005. Methodical characterization of rice (Oryza sativa) bran oil from Pakistan, Grasas y Aceites, Vol. 56, pp 125 - 134.
[20] Womeni H. M., Ndjouenkeu R., Kapseu C., Mbiapo F. T., Parmentier M., and Fanni J., 2006, Effet de la cuisson et du sechage de noix de karité (Butyrospermum parkii (G. Don) Kotschy) sur la qualité du beurre, Tropicultura, 24 : 175 - 182
[21] Norris F. A., 1982, Extraction of fats and oils, in: Bailey‟s Industrial Oil and Fat Products, “Swern D., (Ed.)â€, Vol. 2, 4 th ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp 179 -188
[22] Ladurelle H. (1984). Le Beurre de karité, Thèse de Doctorat en Pharmacie, Université Scientifique et Médicale de Grenoble, France 126p.
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Published
2014-07-31
How to Cite
A. M., M., Nde.D, B., & Charfadine M., A. (2014). Physicochemical characteristics of shea kernels and kinetics of shea butter press extraction. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY, 10(3), 2525–2531. https://doi.org/10.24297/jac.v10i3.6661
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