Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction of Au(III) using Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Prior to its Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24297/jac.v6i2.6581Keywords:
Gold(III), Solid phase extraction, Fe3O4, NanoparticleAbstract
A simple solid phase extraction procedure has been proposed for determination of Au(III) based on separation and preconcentration using magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) prior to its determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The influences of experimental parameters including sample pH, sorbent mass, contact time, volume and type of eluent, and interference of some ions with extraction of Au(III) ions were investigated using batch procedure. The maximum adsorption capacity of the sorbent for Au(III) was found to be 45.0 mg g-1. The sorption of Au(III) ions was quantitative in the pH range of 4.0–5.0 and quantitative desorption was achieved using 10 mL of thiourea (0.5 mol L-1)/hydrochloric acid (1 mol L-1) solution. In the initial solution, the calibration curve was linear in the range of 8.8 - 666.0 μg L-1 with R2 = 0.9994 (n = 8), the detection limit (3Sb, n = 8) was 6.2 μg L-1, relative standard deviation (R.S.D) of 20 μg mL-1 of Au(III) was 3.9% (n = 8), and the preconcentration factor was 30. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of Au(III) in water and wastewater samples with good recoveries in the range of 95% –103%.
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References
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[27] Soylak, M., and Unsal, Y. E. 2011. Double-walled carbon nanotubes as a solid phase extractor for separation-preconcentration of traces of gold from geological and water samples. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 91:440-447.
[28] Liang, P. Zhao, E., Ding, Q., and Du, D. 2008. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes micro column preconcentration and determination of gold in geological and water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta B 63:714-717.
[29] Shamspur, T., and Mostafavi, A. 2009. Application of modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes as a sorbent for simultaneous separation and preconcentration trace amounts of Au(III) and Mn(II). J. Hazard. Mater. 168:1548-1553.
[30] Hang, C., Hu, B., Jiang, Z., and Zhang, N. 2007. Simultaneous on-line preconcentration and determination of trace metals in environmental samples using a modified nanometer-sized alumina packed micro-column by flow injection combined with ICP-OES. Talanta 71:1239-1245.
[31] Uheida, A., Iglesias, M.,Fontà s, C., Hidalgo, M., Salvadó, V., Zhang, Y., and Muhammed, M. Muhammed, M. Sorption of palladium(II), rhodium(III), and platinum(IV) on Fe3O4 nanoparticles. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 301 (2006), 402-408.
[32] Uheida, A., Salazar-Alvarez, G., Björkman, E., Yu, Z., and Muhammed, M. 2006. Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles for the adsorption of Co2+ from aqueous solution . J. Colloid Interface Sci. 298:501-507.
[33] Hu, J., Chen, G., and Lo, I. M. C. 2005. Removal and recovery of Cr(VI) from wastewater by maghemite nanoparticles. Water Res. Water Res. 39:4528-4536.
[34] Nassar, N. N. 2010. Rapid removal and recovery of Pb(II) from wastewater by magnetic nanoadsorbents. J. Hazard. Mater. 184:538-546.
[35] Mahdavian, A. R., and Mirrahimi, M. A.-S. 2010. Efficient separation of heavy metal cations by anchoring polyacrylic acid on superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles through surface modification. Chem. Eng. J. 159:264-271.
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[2] MedveÄ, J., BujdoÅ¡, M., Matúš, P., and Kubová, J. 2004. Determination of trace amounts of gold in acid-attacked environmental samples by atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization after preconcentration. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 379:60-65.
[3] Salih, B., Çelikbıçak, Ö., Döker, S., and Doğan, M. 2007. Matrix elimination method for the determination of precious metals in ores using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 587: 272-280.
[4] Ishikawa, S.-i., Suyama, K., Arihara, K., and Itoh, M. 2002. Uptake and recovery of gold ions from electroplating wastes using eggshell membrane. Bioresour. Technol. 81:201-206.
[5] Lignere, G. C., Giavarini, S., and Longatti, S. 1984. Initial experience with oral gold salts in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in patients followed up for one year. J. Int. Med. Res. 12:193-197.
[6] Marcon, G., Messori, L., Orioli, P., Cinellu, M. A., and Minghetti, G. 2003. Reactions of gold(III) complexes with serum albumin.Euro. J. Biochem. 270:4655-4661.
[7] Gherrou, A., and Kerdjoudj, H. 2002. Removal of gold as Au(Tu)2+ complex with a supported liquid mambrane containing macrocyclic polyethers ligands as carriers. Desalination 144:231-236.
[8] Syed, S. 2012. Recovery of gold from secondary sources-A review. Hydrometallurgy 30-51:115–116.
[9] Pyrzyńska, K. 2005. Recent developments in the determination of gold by atomic spectrometry techniques. Spectrochim. Acta B 60:1316-1322.
[10] Ebrahimzadeh, H., Tavassoli, N., Amini, M. M., Fazaeli, Y., and Abedi, H. 2010. Determination of very low levels of gold and palladium in wastewater and soil samples by atomic absorption after preconcentration on modified MCM-48 and MCM-41 silica. Talanta 81:1183-1188.
[11] Zhang, S., Pu, Q., Liu, P., Sun, Q., and Su, Z. 2002. Column solid phase extraction and determination of ultra-trace Au, Pd and Pt in environmental and geological samples. Anal. Chim. Acta 452:223-230.
[12] Sabermahani, F.,Taher, M. A., and Bahrami, H. 2012. Separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of gold from water samples prior to determination by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Arabian J. Chem. DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.04.053.
[13] Liu, P.,Su, Z., Wu, X., and Pu, Q. 2002. Application of isodiphenylthiourea immobilized silica gel to flow injection on-line microcolumn preconcentration and separation coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry for interference-free determination of trace silver, gold, palladium and platinum in geological and metallurgical samples. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 17:125-130.
[14] Pu, Q., Su, Z., Hu, Z., Chang, X., and Yang, M. 1998. 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole bonded silica gel as selective adsorbent for preconcentration of gold,platinum and palladium prior to their simultaneous inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric determination. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 13:249-253.
[15] Chakrapani, G., Mahanta, P. L., Murty, D. S. R., and Gomathy, B. 2001. Preconcentration of traces of gold, silver and palladium on activated carbon and its determination in geological samples by flame AAS after wet ashing. Talanta 53 :1139-1147.
[16] Soylak, M., Elci, L., and Dogan, M. 2000. Sorbent extraction procedure for the preconcentration of gold, silver and palladium on activate carbon column. Anal. Lett. 33:513-525.
[17] Elci, L. Sahan, D., Basaran, A., and Soylak, M. 2007. Solid phase extraction of gold(III) on Amberlite XAD-2000 prior to its flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination. Environ. Monit. Assess. 132:331-338.
[18] Senturk, H. B., Gundogdu, A., Bulut, V. N., Duran, C., Soylak, M., Elci, L., and Tufekci, M. 2007. Separation and enrichment of gold(III) from environmental samples prior to its flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination. J. Hazard. Mater. 149:317-323.
[19] Tuzen, M., Saygi, K. O., and Soylak, M. 2008. Novel solid phase extraction procedure for gold (III) on Dowex M4195 prior to its flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination. J. Hazard. Mater. 156:591-595.
[20] Wu, Y., Jiang, Z., Hu, B., and Duan, J. 2004. Assessment of YPA(4) chelating resin for the separation and determination of Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, and Au in geological samples by ICP-OES. Talanta 63:585-592.
[21] Kolarz, B. N., Jermakowicz-Bartkowiak, D., Trochimczuk, A. W., and Apostoluk, W. 1999. React. Influence of the structure of chelating resins with guanidyl groups on gold separation. Funct. Polym. 42:213-222.[22] Yu, M., Sun, D., Huang, R., Tian, W., Shen, W., Zhang, H., and Xu, N. 2003. Determination of ultra trace gold in natural water by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry after in situ enrichment with thiol cotton fiber. Anal. Chim. Acta 479:225-231.
[23] Yu, M., Sun, D., Tian, W., Wang, G., Shen, W., and Xu, N. 2002. Systematic studies on adsorption of trace elements Pt, Pd, Au, Se, Te, As, Hg, Sb on thiol cotton fiber. Anal. Chim. Acta. 456:147-155.
[24] Bagheri, M., Mashhadizadeh, M. H., and Razee, S. 2003. Solid phase extraction of gold by sorption on octadecyl silica membrane disks modified with penta thia-15-crown-5 and determination by AAS. Talanta 60:839-844.
[25] Afzali, D., Mostafavi, A., and Mirzaei, M. 2010. Preconcentration of gold ions from water samples by modified organo-nanoclay sorbent prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry determination. J. Hazard. Mater. 181:957-961.
[26] Liu, R., and Liang, P. 2007. Determination of gold by nanometer titanium dioxide immobilized on silica gel packed microcolumn and flame atomic absorption spectrometry in geological and water samples. Anal. Chim. Acta 604:114-118.
[27] Soylak, M., and Unsal, Y. E. 2011. Double-walled carbon nanotubes as a solid phase extractor for separation-preconcentration of traces of gold from geological and water samples. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 91:440-447.
[28] Liang, P. Zhao, E., Ding, Q., and Du, D. 2008. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes micro column preconcentration and determination of gold in geological and water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta B 63:714-717.
[29] Shamspur, T., and Mostafavi, A. 2009. Application of modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes as a sorbent for simultaneous separation and preconcentration trace amounts of Au(III) and Mn(II). J. Hazard. Mater. 168:1548-1553.
[30] Hang, C., Hu, B., Jiang, Z., and Zhang, N. 2007. Simultaneous on-line preconcentration and determination of trace metals in environmental samples using a modified nanometer-sized alumina packed micro-column by flow injection combined with ICP-OES. Talanta 71:1239-1245.
[31] Uheida, A., Iglesias, M.,Fontà s, C., Hidalgo, M., Salvadó, V., Zhang, Y., and Muhammed, M. Muhammed, M. Sorption of palladium(II), rhodium(III), and platinum(IV) on Fe3O4 nanoparticles. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 301 (2006), 402-408.
[32] Uheida, A., Salazar-Alvarez, G., Björkman, E., Yu, Z., and Muhammed, M. 2006. Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles for the adsorption of Co2+ from aqueous solution . J. Colloid Interface Sci. 298:501-507.
[33] Hu, J., Chen, G., and Lo, I. M. C. 2005. Removal and recovery of Cr(VI) from wastewater by maghemite nanoparticles. Water Res. Water Res. 39:4528-4536.
[34] Nassar, N. N. 2010. Rapid removal and recovery of Pb(II) from wastewater by magnetic nanoadsorbents. J. Hazard. Mater. 184:538-546.
[35] Mahdavian, A. R., and Mirrahimi, M. A.-S. 2010. Efficient separation of heavy metal cations by anchoring polyacrylic acid on superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles through surface modification. Chem. Eng. J. 159:264-271.
[36] Adamson, A. W. 1990. Physical Chemistry of Surfaces; Wiley-Interscience: New York.
[37] Kitagawa, H., and Suzuki, R. 1983. Foundation and design of adsorptions; Translated by Lu, Z.L. Chemical Industry Press: China.
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2017-04-24
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Khoshhesab, Z. M. (2017). Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction of Au(III) using Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Prior to its Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY, 6(2), 990–998. https://doi.org/10.24297/jac.v6i2.6581
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