Synthesis and characterization of some new ruthenium (II) complexes as photosensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24297/jac.v12i5.6265Keywords:
Dye-sensitized solar cells, Ruthenium complexes, PANI, KAbstract
New ruthenium (II) complexes, [Ru(DHZ)2(bpy)], [Ru(SCN)2(bpy)(DMSO)2], [Ru(SCN)2(dmbpy)(DMSO)2] and [RuCl2(salen)]-2,
where bpy = 2,2'- bipyridine, DHZ = 1,5-diphenylthiocarbazone, dmbpy = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2' bipyridine and salen = 2,2'-
ethylenebis(nitrilomethylidene)diphenol were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and
thermal analysis. From data of these investigations the structural formula and the mode of bonding were obtained. These complexes
were successfully applied to sensitization of nano-crystalline TiO2 based solar cells (DSSCs). The photovoltaic efficiencies of the
studied DSSCs increase in the following order [Ru(DHZ)2(bpy)]< [Ru(SCN)2(bpy)(DMSO)2]< [Ru(SCN)2(dmbpy)(DMSO)2]<
[RuCl2(salen)]-2. This increase is in agreement with the light harvesting of these complexes as indicated from their absorption spectra.
Ferrioxalate complex enhanced the performance of some investigated cells. Therefore, a mechanism of this improvement has been
postulated. Polyaniline as well as iodine doped polyaniline modified FTO electrode has been tested as promising counter electrodes.
The efficiencies of the cells using iodine doped polyaniline is higher than that of polyaniline, which is assignable to the high
conductivity of iodine.
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References
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41. Ahmed Hassan Osman and Gamal Abdel-Wahab Ahmed(2015) Photochemical Oxidation of an Azo Dye in Aqueous Solutions by UV/H2O2 Process. Assiut university journal of chemistry (44):(99-105)
2. Gonçalves LM, de Zea Bermudez V, Ribeiro HA, Mendes AM (2008) Dye-sensitized solar cells: A safe bet for the future. Energy & Environmental Science 1 (6):655-667 3. Karmakar AS, Ruparelia JP A Critical Review on Dye Sensitized Solar Cells. 4. Grätzel M (2003) Dye-sensitized solar cells. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews 4 (2):145-153 5. Nazeeruddin MK, Baranoff E, Grätzel M (2011) Dye-sensitized solar cells: a brief overview. Solar Energy 85 (6):11721178 6. Chandrasekharam M, Rajkumar G, Rao CS, Suresh T, Reddy MA, Reddy PY, Soujanya Y, Takeru B, Jun-Ho Y, Nazeeruddin MK (2011) Polypyridyl Ru (II)-sensitizers with extended Ï€-system enhances the performance of dye sensitized solar cells. Synthetic Metals 161 (11):1098-1104 %@ 0379-6779 7. Zhang J, Hreid T, Li X, Guo W, Wang L, Shi X, Su H, Yuan Z (2010) Nanostructured polyaniline counter electrode for dye-sensitised solar cells: Fabrication and investigation of its electrochemical formation mechanism. Electrochimica Acta 55 (11):3664-3668 8. Tai Q, Chen B, Guo F, Xu S, Hu H, Sebo B, Zhao X-Z (2011) In situ prepared transparent polyaniline electrode and its application in bifacial dye-sensitized solar cells. Acs Nano 5 (5):3795-3799 9. Lee TH, Do K, Lee YW, Jeon SS, Kim C, Ko J, Im SS (2012) High-performance dye-sensitized solar cells based on PEDOT nanofibers as an efficient catalytic counter electrode. Journal of Materials Chemistry 22 (40):21624-21629 10. Jeon SS, Kim C, Ko J, Im SS (2011) Spherical polypyrrole nanoparticles as a highly efficient counter electrode for dyesensitized solar cells. Journal of Materials Chemistry 21 (22):8146-8151 11. Trevisan R, Döbbelin M, Boix PP, Barea EM, Tenaâ€Zaera R, Moraâ€Seró I, Bisquert J (2011) PEDOT nanotube arrays as high performing counter electrodes for dye sensitized solar cells. Study of the interactions among electrolytes and counter electrodes. Advanced Energy Materials 1 (5):781-784 12. Huang K-C, Hu C-W, Tseng C-Y, Liu C-Y, Yeh M-H, Wei H-Y, Wang C-C, Vittal R, Chu C-W, Ho K-C (2012) A counter electrode based on hollow spherical particles of polyaniline for a dye-sensitized solar cell. Journal of Materials Chemistry 22 (29):14727-14733 13. Harvey A, Draganjac M, Chui S, Snell R, Benjamin E (2009) Microwave Synthesis of cis-Dichlorotetrakis (dimethylsulfoxide) ruthenium (II). Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science 63:185 14. Zakeeruddin SM, Nazeeruddin MK, Humphry-Baker R, Grätzel M, Shklover V (1998) Stepwise assembly of trisheteroleptic polypyridyl complexes of ruthenium (II). Inorganic Chemistry 37 (20):5251-5259 %@ 0020-1669 15. Mulhern D (2003) Synthesis and characterisation of Ruthenium (II) tris (heteroleptic) complexes containing a triazole ligand. Dublin City University, 16. Stejskal J, Gilbert R (2002) Polyaniline. Preparation of a conducting polymer (IUPAC technical report). Pure and Applied Chemistry 74 (5):857-867 17. Wu J, Li Y, Tang Q, Yue G, Lin J, Huang M, Meng L (2014) Bifacial dye-sensitized solar cells: A strategy to enhance overall efficiency based on transparent polyaniline electrode. Scientific reports 4 18. Hobaica SC (2003) Stability of polyaniline in air and acidic water. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 41 (8):807-822 19. Atassi Y, Tally M, Ismail M (2008) Synthesis and characterization of chloride doped polyaniline by bulk oxidative chemical polymerization. Doping effect on electrical conductivity. arXiv preprint arXiv:08093552
20. El-Said WA, Yea C-H, Choi J-W, Kwon I-K (2009) Ultrathin polyaniline film coated on an indium–tin oxide cell-based chip for study of anticancer effect. Thin Solid Films 518 (2):661-667 21. Mathai CJ, Saravanan S, Anantharaman M, Venkitachalam S, Jayalekshmi S (2002) Effect of iodine doping on the bandgap of plasma polymerized aniline thin films. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 35 (17):2206 22. Padmanabhan P, Sreelatha K (2012) Iodine doped, semi-conducting nylon 6 polymers. Journal of Plastic Film and Sheeting:8756087912464036 23. Boddula R, Srinivasan P (2013) Use of iodine doped polyaniline salt in the stereoselective synthesis of 2-methyl-4substituted-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives. Catalysis Communications 30:56-60 24. Furniss BS (1989) Vogel's textbook of practical organic chemistry. Pearson Education India, 25. Razzak M, Karim MR, Hoq MR, Mirza AH (2015) New Schiff Bases from 6, 6’-Diformyl-2, 2’-Bipyridyl with Amines Containing O, S, N and F: Synthesis and Characterization. International Journal of Organic Chemistry 5 (04):264 26. Evans IP, Spencer A, Wilkinson G (1973) Dichlorotetrakis (dimethyl sulphoxide) ruthenium (II) and its use as a source material for some new ruthenium (II) complexes. J Chem Soc, Dalton Trans (2):204-209 %@ 1364-5447 27. Nazeeruddin MK, Zakeeruddin S, Humphry-Baker R, Jirousek M, Liska P, Vlachopoulos N, Shklover V, Fischer C-H, Grätzel M (1999) Acid-base equilibria of (2, 2'-bipyridyl-4, 4'-dicarboxylic acid) ruthenium (II) complexes and the effect of protonation on charge-transfer sensitization of nanocrystalline titania. Inorganic Chemistry 38 (26):6298-6305 28. Shaabani B, Darbari R (2013) Synthesis and characterization of salen and thiocyanate complexes with Co 2, Fe 3, Cu 2, and Mn 2 transition metal cations. 29. Bordini J, Hughes DL, Da Motta Neto JD, Jorge da Cunha C (2002) Nitric oxide photorelease from ruthenium salen complexes in aqueous and organic solutions. Inorganic chemistry 41 (21):5410-5416 30. Works CF, Ford PC (2000) Photoreactivity of the Ruthenium Nitrosyl Complex, Ru (salen)(Cl)(NO). Solvent Effects on the Back Reaction of NO with the Lewis Acid RuIII (salen)(Cl) 1. Journal of the American Chemical Society 122 (31):75927593 31. Campagna S, Puntoriero F, Nastasi F, Bergamini G, Balzani V (2007) Photochemistry and photophysics of coordination compounds: ruthenium. In: Photochemistry and Photophysics of Coordination Compounds I. Springer, pp 117-214 32. Rillema DP, Mack KB (1982) The low-lying excited state in ligand. pi.-donor complexes of ruthenium (II): mononuclear and binuclear species. Inorganic Chemistry 21 (10):3849-3854 33. Adeloye AO, Ajibade PA (2014) A high molar extinction coefficient Ru (II) complex functionalized with cisDithiocyanato-bis-(9-anthracenyl-10-(2-methyl-2-butenoic acid)-1, 10-phenanthroline): potential sensitizer for stable dye-sensitized solar cells. Journal of Spectroscopy 2014 34. Holló B, Krstić M, Sovilj SP, Pokol G, Szécsényi KM (2011) Thermal decomposition of new ruthenium (II) complexes containing N-alkylphenothiazines. Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 105 (1):27-32 35. Rocha FV, Barra CV, Franchi SJ, Netto AV, Mauro AE, Frem RC (2010) Study on the thermal behavior of the complexes of the type [PdX2 (tdmPz)](X= Cl−, Br−, I−, SCN−). Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 106 (2):385389 36. Meriwether L, Breitner E, Sloan C (1965) The photochromism of metal dithizonates. Journal of the American Chemical Society 87 (20):4441-4448 37. Hagfeldt A, Boschloo G, Sun L, Kloo L, Pettersson H (2010) Dye-sensitized solar cells. Chemical reviews 110 (11):6595-6663 38. Ingram D, Hodgson W, Parker C, Rees W (1955) Detection of labile photochemical free radicals by paramagnetic resonance. 39. Sokolský M, Cirák J (2010) Dye-sensitized solar cells: materials and processes. Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica 10 (3):78-81 40. Chen J, Zhang H, Tomov IV, Wolfsberg M, Ding X, Rentzepis PM (2007) Transient structures and kinetics of the ferrioxalate redox reaction studied by time-resolved EXAFS, optical spectroscopy, and DFT. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 111 (38):9326-9335
41. Ahmed Hassan Osman and Gamal Abdel-Wahab Ahmed(2015) Photochemical Oxidation of an Azo Dye in Aqueous Solutions by UV/H2O2 Process. Assiut university journal of chemistry (44):(99-105)
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Published
2017-07-21
How to Cite
Osman, A. H., El-Said, W. A., & El-Shakour, M. A. (2017). Synthesis and characterization of some new ruthenium (II) complexes as photosensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY, 12(5), 4413–4426. https://doi.org/10.24297/jac.v12i5.6265
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