GROUNDWATER CHEMICAL STUDIES USING STATISTICAL ANALYSIS IN COIMBATORE CORPORATION, TAMIL NADU, INDIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24297/jac.v12i26.1814Keywords:
Coimbatore Corporation, factor, cluster, drinking, agricultural activities.Abstract
In place with comprehend the hydrochemistry and the probable contamination of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes, 60 groundwater samples have been collected from Coimbatore Corporation region in march 2014 and various physicochemical parameters (pH, EC, TDS, Alkalinity, TH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Fe2+, NH3, NO2-, NO3-, Cl-, F-, SO42- and PO42-) were analysed. The concentrations of physiochemical parameters in the studied samples were compared with the WHO standards to study the suitability of water for drinking purpose. The statistical analysis “Q-mode factor†and “cluster analyses†were carried out and found that geology and exchange between the river water and the groundwater plays a dominant role in the hydro chemical evolution of groundwater. Cluster tree diagram reveals that 41.67% of the study area comes under cluster I, II and III classification. Cluster tree clearly reveals that elevation high automatically geochemical concentration is low. The geochemical concentration is inversely proposed to elevation. A long term management strategy should be formulated for the protection of groundwater resources for drinking and agricultural activities.
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References
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2. Arumugam K and Elangovan K 2009, Hydrochemical Characteristics and Groundwater Quality Assessment in Tirupur Region, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India, Environmental Geology, Springer Environ Geol., Vo. 58, No.7, October 2009 , pp1509-1520.
3. Davis JC. Statistics, data analysis in geology. New York:Wiley, 1973. 550pp.
4. De Ceballos, B.S.O., Koning, A., De Olivera, J.F., 1998. Dam reservoir eutrophication: a simplified technique for a fast diagnosis of an environmental degradation. Water Res. 32 (11), 3477–3483.
5. Geetha Selvarani and Elangovan, K, 2008, Hydro geochemistry analysis of groundwater in Noyyal river basin, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences, Volume 4, Number 2 (2009), pp. 211–227.
6. Helena, B., Pardo, B., Vega, M., Barrado, E., Fernandez, J.M., Fernandez, L., 2000. Temporal evolution of groundwater composition in an alluvial aquifer (Pisuerga River, Spain) by rincipal component analysis. Water Research 34 (3), 807 - 816.
7. Kavidha R and Elangovan K, 2010, Groundwater Quality Characteristics at Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India, International Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol.1, No.2 pp 145-150.
8. Laaksoharju M, Skarman C, Skarman E. (1999). Multivariate mixing and mass balance (M3) calculation, a new tool for decoding hydrogeochemical information. Appl Geochem 14, 861–71.
9. Lambrakis, N., Antonakos, A., Panagopoulos, G., 2004. The use of multicomponent statistical analysis in hydrogeological environmental research. Water Res. 38, 1862–1872.
10. Lau, S.S.S., Lane, S.N., 2002. Biological and chemical factors influencing shallow lake eutrophication: a long-term study. Sci. Total Environ. 288, 167–181.
11. Maheswaran G, Elangovan K and Geetha Selvarani A, , 2015, Seasonal variation of Groundwater Quality in Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India, Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, Vol. 56, No.3pp.295-302.
12. Miller, C.V., Denis, J.M., Ator, S.W., Brakebill, G.W., 1997. Nutrients in streams during base flow in selected environmental settings of the Potomac River basin. J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. 33, 1155–1171.
13. Momen, B., Zehr, G.P., Boylen, C.W., Sutherland, J.W., 1999. Determinants of summer nitrate concentration in a set of Adirondack Lakes, New York. Water Air Soil Pollut. 111, 19–28.
14. Panagopoulos, G., Lamprakis, N., Tsolis-Katagas, P., Papoulis, D., 2004. Cation exchange processes and human activities in incon- fined aquifers. Environ. Geol. 46, 542–552.
15. Papatheodorou, G., Hotos, G., Geraga, M., Avramidou, D., Vorinakis, T., 2002a. Heavy metal concentrations in sediments of Klisova lagoon (S.E. Mesolonghi–Aitolikon Lagoon complex) W Greece. Fresen. Environ. Bull. 11 (11), 951–956.
16. Papatheodorou, G., Lyberis, E., Ferentinos, G., 1999. Use of factor analysis to study the distribution of metalliferous bauxitic tailings in the seabed of the Gulf of Corinth. Greece Natural Resour. Res. 8 (4), 27
17. Perona, E., Bonilla, I., Mateo, P., 1999. Spatial and temporal changes in water quality in a Spanish river. Sci Total Environ. 241, 75–90.
18. Piper, A.M. (1983). A graphical procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water analysis.
19. Reisenhofer, E., Picciotto, A., Li, D., 1995. A factor analysis approach to the study of the eutrophication of a shallow, temperate lake (San Daniele, North Eastern Italy). Anal. Chim. Acta 306, 99–106.
20. Samson S and Elangovan K, 2011, “Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purpose in Namakkal Distirct, Tamil Nadu, India, Poll Res.30(1):85-94.
21. Seymour, S.K., Christanis, K., Bouzinos, A., Papazisimou, S.,Papatheodorou, G., Moran, E., D´en`es, G., 2004. Tephrostratigraphy and tephrochronology in the Philippi peat basin, Macedonia, Northern Hellas (Greece). Quarter. Int. 121, 53–65.
22. Simeonov, V., Stratis, J.A., Samara, C., Zachariadis, G., Voutsa, D., Anthemidis, A., Sofoniou, M., Kouimtzis, T., 2003. Assesst. of the surface water quality in Northern Greece. Water Res. 37, 4119–4124.
23. Suk, H., Lee, K., 1999. Characterization of a ground water hydrochemical system through multivariate analysis: clustering into ground water zones. Ground Water 37 (3), 358–366.
24. Suresh, M., Gurugnanam, B., Vasudevan, S., Sivanatarajan, G., Kumaravel, S., 2010. Statistical Analysis for Hydrogeochemical Data Interpretation in Upper Thirumanimuthar Sub-basin, Cauvery River, Tamil Nadu, India. Annamalai University Science Journal. 46, 15-20.
25. Vega, M., Pardo, R., Barrado, E., Deban, L., 1998. Assessment of seasonal and polluting effects on the quality of river water by xploratory data analysis. Water Research 32, 3581 - 3592.
26. Vengosh, A., Keren, R., 1996. Chemical modifications of groundwater contaminated by recharge of treated sewage effluent. Contam. Hydrol. 23, 347–360.
27. Vincent Cloutier, Rene´ Lefebvre, Rene´ Therrien, Martine M. Savard (2008). Multivariate statistical analysis of geochemical data as indicative of the hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in a sedimentary rock aquifer system Journal of Hydrology 353, 294– 313.
28. Voudouris, K., Panagopolous, A., Koumanatakis, J., 2000. Multivariate statistical analysis in the assessment of hydrochemistry of the Northern Korinthia Prefecture alluvial system Peloponnese, Greece). Natural Resources Research 9 (2), 135–146.
29. WHO, 2006. Guideline for Drinking Water Quality. Vol. Recommendations, World Health Organization, Geneva, pp: 130.
30. Yu, S., Shang, J., Zhao, J., Guo, H., 2003. Factor analysis and dynamics of water quality of the Songhua River, Northeast China.Water Air Soil Pollut. 144, 159–169.
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Published
2016-12-28
How to Cite
Shantharam, Y., & Elangovan, K. (2016). GROUNDWATER CHEMICAL STUDIES USING STATISTICAL ANALYSIS IN COIMBATORE CORPORATION, TAMIL NADU, INDIA. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY, 12(26), 5752–5762. https://doi.org/10.24297/jac.v12i26.1814
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