LSB Embedding in Spatial Domain - A Review of Improved Techniques
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v3i1c.6776Keywords:
Steganography, Review, Image, Spatial Domain, LSB EmbeddingAbstract
Steganography - the art and technique of hiding information in images, audio, video or text and other cover media has evolved and developed with time. Numerous improvements have been achieved with respect to security, robustness and capacity. This paper presents a review of different LSB embedding techniques in Spatial Domain for image steganography. A variety of techniques which have evolved over time and have improved the basic LSB technique have been discussed. These techniques have also been compared on the basis of different parameters.
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References
[1] Ling Xi, Xijian Ping, Tao Zhang. Improved LSB Matching Steganography Resisting Histogram Attacks, IEEE 2010, pp.203
[2] Rosanne English. Comparison of High Capacity Steganography Techniques, IEEE 2010, pp.448
[3] Peipei Shi, Zhaohui Li, Tao Zhang. A Technique of Steganography Text Based on Chaos and BPCS, IEEE 2010, pp.232
[4] Constantinos Patsakis, Evangelos Fountas. Extending Fibonacci LSB Data Hiding Technique to more Integer Bases, in 3rd International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering (ICACTE 2010), pp.V4-18.
[5] Brown, J.L. Jr. ¡°Zeckendorf.s Theorem and Some Applications¡±, Fib. Quart.2, 163-168, 1964
[6] D.C. Wu and W.H. Tsai. A Steganographic method for Images by Pixel Value Differencing, Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 24, Issue: 9-10, June 2003, pp.1613-1626.
[7] H.C. Wu, N.I. Wu, C.S. Hwang. Image steganographic scheme based on pixel-value differencing and LSB replacement methods, IEE Proceedings: Vision, Image and Signal Processing, Vol.152, Issue 5, Oct 2005, pp. 611-615.
[8] Ki-Jong Kim, Ki-Hyun Jung, Kee-Young Yoo. Image Steganographic Method with Variable Embedding Length, in International Symposium on Ubiquitous Multimedia Computing, 2008. pp. 210-213.
[9] Jiun-Jian Liaw, Wen-Sheng Wang, Min-Yen Chiu. A Data Hiding Method Using Secret Data Division and Pixel Value Differencing, in Fourth International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computing,
2010. pp. 650-653. [10] H.B. Kekre, Archana Athawale, Pallavi N. Halarnkar. Performance Evaluation of Pixel Value Differencing and Kekre.s Modified Algorithm for Information Hiding in Images, International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Control, 2009. pp. 342- 346.
[11] Mehdi Hussain, Mureed Hussain. Pixel Intensity Based High Capacity Data Embedding Method, IEEE 2010.
[12] Toby Sharp, An implementation of Key based Digital Signal Steganography, in proceedings Information Hiding Workshop, Vol. 2137, Springer LNCS, 2001. pp.13-26.
[13] J. Mielikainen. LSB matching revisited, IEEE Signal Process. Lett., vol.13, no.5, pp.285-287, May, 2006.
[14] Quinhue Huang, Weimin Ouyang. Protect Fragile Regions in Steganography LSB Embedding, in 3rd International Symposium on Knowledge Acquisition
and Modelling, 2010. pp.175-178.
[15] J. Harmsen and W. Pearlman. Steganalysis of Additive- Noise Modelable Information Hiding, in proceedings SPIE Security Watermarking Multimedia Contents, vol. 5020, 2003, pp.131-142.
[16] W. Du and W. Hsu. Adaptive Data Hiding Based on VQ Compressed Images, IEE proceedings Vision Image and Signal Processing, vol. 150, No.4, pp. 233-238, 2003.
[17] Min-Lui Lin and Chin-Chen Chang. A Novel Information Hiding Scheme Based on BTC, The 4th International Conference Computer and Information Technology, pp.66-71,2004.
[18] Xiaotian Wu, Wei Sun. Data Hiding in Block Truncation Coding, 2010 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security, IEEE 2010. pp.406-410.
[19] Adnan Gutub, Mahmoud Ankeer, Muhammad Abu- Ghalioun, Abdulrahman Shaheen and Aleem Alvi. Pixel Indicator high Capacity Technique for RGB image based Steganography, WoSPA 2008 . 5th IEEE International Workshop on Signal Processing and its Applications, University of Sharjah, U.A.E. 18-20 March 2008.
[20] M.T. Parvez and A.A.A. Gutub. RGB Intensity Based Variable-Bits Image Steganography, IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference, pp. 1322-1327, 2008.
[21] A.T. Al-Taani and A.M. Al-Issa. A Novel Steganographic Method for Gray-Level Images, International Journal of Computer, Information and Systems Science, and Engineering 3,1,2009.
[22] Kirti Upreti, Kriti Verma, and Anita Sahoo. Variable Bits Secure System for Color Images, 2010 Second International Conference on Advances in Computing, Control, and Telecommunication Technologies, pp. 105- 107.
[2] Rosanne English. Comparison of High Capacity Steganography Techniques, IEEE 2010, pp.448
[3] Peipei Shi, Zhaohui Li, Tao Zhang. A Technique of Steganography Text Based on Chaos and BPCS, IEEE 2010, pp.232
[4] Constantinos Patsakis, Evangelos Fountas. Extending Fibonacci LSB Data Hiding Technique to more Integer Bases, in 3rd International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering (ICACTE 2010), pp.V4-18.
[5] Brown, J.L. Jr. ¡°Zeckendorf.s Theorem and Some Applications¡±, Fib. Quart.2, 163-168, 1964
[6] D.C. Wu and W.H. Tsai. A Steganographic method for Images by Pixel Value Differencing, Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 24, Issue: 9-10, June 2003, pp.1613-1626.
[7] H.C. Wu, N.I. Wu, C.S. Hwang. Image steganographic scheme based on pixel-value differencing and LSB replacement methods, IEE Proceedings: Vision, Image and Signal Processing, Vol.152, Issue 5, Oct 2005, pp. 611-615.
[8] Ki-Jong Kim, Ki-Hyun Jung, Kee-Young Yoo. Image Steganographic Method with Variable Embedding Length, in International Symposium on Ubiquitous Multimedia Computing, 2008. pp. 210-213.
[9] Jiun-Jian Liaw, Wen-Sheng Wang, Min-Yen Chiu. A Data Hiding Method Using Secret Data Division and Pixel Value Differencing, in Fourth International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computing,
2010. pp. 650-653. [10] H.B. Kekre, Archana Athawale, Pallavi N. Halarnkar. Performance Evaluation of Pixel Value Differencing and Kekre.s Modified Algorithm for Information Hiding in Images, International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Control, 2009. pp. 342- 346.
[11] Mehdi Hussain, Mureed Hussain. Pixel Intensity Based High Capacity Data Embedding Method, IEEE 2010.
[12] Toby Sharp, An implementation of Key based Digital Signal Steganography, in proceedings Information Hiding Workshop, Vol. 2137, Springer LNCS, 2001. pp.13-26.
[13] J. Mielikainen. LSB matching revisited, IEEE Signal Process. Lett., vol.13, no.5, pp.285-287, May, 2006.
[14] Quinhue Huang, Weimin Ouyang. Protect Fragile Regions in Steganography LSB Embedding, in 3rd International Symposium on Knowledge Acquisition
and Modelling, 2010. pp.175-178.
[15] J. Harmsen and W. Pearlman. Steganalysis of Additive- Noise Modelable Information Hiding, in proceedings SPIE Security Watermarking Multimedia Contents, vol. 5020, 2003, pp.131-142.
[16] W. Du and W. Hsu. Adaptive Data Hiding Based on VQ Compressed Images, IEE proceedings Vision Image and Signal Processing, vol. 150, No.4, pp. 233-238, 2003.
[17] Min-Lui Lin and Chin-Chen Chang. A Novel Information Hiding Scheme Based on BTC, The 4th International Conference Computer and Information Technology, pp.66-71,2004.
[18] Xiaotian Wu, Wei Sun. Data Hiding in Block Truncation Coding, 2010 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security, IEEE 2010. pp.406-410.
[19] Adnan Gutub, Mahmoud Ankeer, Muhammad Abu- Ghalioun, Abdulrahman Shaheen and Aleem Alvi. Pixel Indicator high Capacity Technique for RGB image based Steganography, WoSPA 2008 . 5th IEEE International Workshop on Signal Processing and its Applications, University of Sharjah, U.A.E. 18-20 March 2008.
[20] M.T. Parvez and A.A.A. Gutub. RGB Intensity Based Variable-Bits Image Steganography, IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference, pp. 1322-1327, 2008.
[21] A.T. Al-Taani and A.M. Al-Issa. A Novel Steganographic Method for Gray-Level Images, International Journal of Computer, Information and Systems Science, and Engineering 3,1,2009.
[22] Kirti Upreti, Kriti Verma, and Anita Sahoo. Variable Bits Secure System for Color Images, 2010 Second International Conference on Advances in Computing, Control, and Telecommunication Technologies, pp. 105- 107.
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Published
2012-08-01
How to Cite
Goyal, H., & Chutani, S. (2012). LSB Embedding in Spatial Domain - A Review of Improved Techniques. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS &Amp; TECHNOLOGY, 3(1), 153–157. https://doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v3i1c.6776
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Research Articles
