The Use of Grounded Theory to evaluate the Interactive Effect of Farmer Entrepreneur and Economic Development of Ghana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v13i1.7191Keywords:
Grounded theory, Entrepreneurship, economic development, farmer behavior.Abstract
Widely seen is entrepreneurship being a key to competence which is necessary to build-up a developed economy globally. There is a consistent relationship between economic prosperity and entrepreneurial activities which have been confirmed by numerous studies from different theories perspectives at global level. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the effect of farmer entrepreneur and economic development using qualitative research approach where a score of successful entrepreneurs in all transcripts of interviews were analyzed by using the grounded theory. The results revealed that the farmer entrepreneur increased their competence through knowledge, skills and attitude. The "knowledge" results in the entrepreneur being a strategic planner, managing people and use technology. Skills acquired makes him a goal getter and negotiator. Finally, he will have a positive attitude toward his work and customers and be proactive and tolerant. These attributes assist the entrepreneur to affect and develop the economy of Ghana.
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References
REFERENCES
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Council, n. R. (2013). Education for life and work: Developing transferable knowledge and skills in the 21st century: National Academies Press.
Drucker, P. (2014). Innovation and entrepreneurship: Routledge.
Friend, M. P., & Cook, L. (1992). Interactions: Collaboration skills for school professionals: Longman New York.
Glaser, B. G., & Holton, J. (2004). Remodeling grounded theory. Paper presented at the Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research.
Gunawan, A. A. (2014). Preliminary study of classifying indonesian entrepreneurs. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 115, 243-250.
Hafeez, K., Zhang, Y., & Malak, N. (2002). Core competence for sustainable competitive advantage: A structured methodology for identifying core competence. IEEE transactions on engineering management, 49(1), 28-35.
Hamid, W. W., Saman, M. M., & Saud, M. (2012). Exploring factors influencing the transfer of training using a grounded theory study: Issues and research agenda. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 56, 662-672.
Hassan, T. M. R. T., Yaacob, M. R., & Abdullatiff, N. K. (2014). Sustaining SMEs wood-based product manufacturing through best practices–The case of indigenous entrepreneurs in Kelantan. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 115, 221-234.
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Parker, L. D., & Roffey, B. H. (1997). Methodological themes: back to the drawing board: revisiting grounded theory and the everyday accountant’s and manager’s reality. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 10(2), 212-247.
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Raposo, M., & Do Paço, A. (2011). Entrepreneurship education: Relationship between education and entrepreneurial activity. Psicothema, 23(3), 453-457.
Richomme-Huet, K., & De Freyman, J. (2011). What sustainable entrepreneurship looks like: An exploratory study from a student perspective. Paper presented at the ICSB World Conference Proceedings.
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Sahoo, M. P., Kalyani, M., & Hathy, P. R. (2014). Socio-Psychological Correlations with Tribal Entrepreneurships in the SC & ST Community Development of Mayurbhanj and Rayagada district of Orissa (India). International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management, 3(1), 193-203.
Sapir, A. (2003). An Agenda for a Growing Europe: Making the EU Economic System Deliver: Report of an Independent High-level Study Group Established on the Initiative of the President of the European Communities: European Commission.
Sarwoko, E., Surachman, A., & Hadiwidjojo, D. (2013). Entrepreneurial characteristics and competency as determinants of business performance in SMEs. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 7(3), 31-38.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2003). Selecting samples. Research methods for business students, 3.
Say, J. B. (1997). An Economist in Troubled Times: Writings: Tor/Forge.
Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The theory of economic development: An inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest, and the business cycle (Vol. 55): Transaction publishers.
Shane, S. (2009). Why encouraging more people to become entrepreneurs is bad public policy. Small business economics, 33(2), 141-149.
Small, J., Melewar, T., Yin Wong, H., & Merrilees, B. (2007). Multiple roles for branding in international marketing. International Marketing Review, 24(4), 384-408.
Spencer, L. M., & Spencer, P. S. M. (2008). Competence at Work models for superior performance: John Wiley & Sons.
Swee, G. K. (2013). The practice of economic growth: Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd.
Tan, J. (2010). Grounded theory in practice: issues and discussion for new qualitative researchers. Journal of Documentation, 66(1), 93-112.
Teece, D. J. (2007). Explicating dynamic capabilities: the nature and microfoundations of (sustainable) enterprise performance. Strategic management journal, 28(13), 1319-1350.
Toporek, R. L., Lewis, J. A., & Crethar, H. C. (2009). Promoting systemic change through the ACA advocacy competencies. Journal of Counseling & Development, 87(3), 260-268.
Unicef. (2014). WHO & The World Bank. 2012. Levels and trends in child malnutrition: Joint child malnutrition estimates.
<Value chain guava.pdf>.
Van Kleef, J., & Roome, N. (2007). Developing capabilities and competence for sustainable business management as innovation: a research agenda. Journal of Cleaner Production, 15(1), 38-51.
Verheul, I., Wennekers, S., Audretsch, D., & Thurik, R. (2002). An eclectic theory of entrepreneurship: policies, institutions and culture Entrepreneurship: Determinants and policy in a European-US comparison (pp. 11-81): Springer.
Walls, P., Parahoo, K., & Fleming, P. (2010). The role and place of knowledge and literature in grounded theory: Paula Walls, Kader Parahoo and Paul Fleming discuss how novice researchers can justify the use of grounded theory while avoiding breaking any of its tenets. Nurse Researcher, 17(4), 8-17.
Walsham, G. (2006). Doing interpretive research. European journal of information systems, 15(3), 320-330.
WHO, U. (1990). UNFPA, & The World Bank.(2012). Trends in maternal mortality, 2010.
Wu, B., & Knott, A. M. (2006). Entrepreneurial risk and market entry. Management science, 52(9), 1315-1330.
Zereyesus, Y. A., Ross, K. L., Amanor-Boadu, V., & Dalton, T. J. (2014). Baseline feed the future indicators for northern Ghana 2012. Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 33.
Abdel-Fattah, M. A. (2015). Grounded theory and action research as pillars for interpretive information systems research: A comparative study. Egyptian Informatics Journal, 16(3), 309-327.
Acs, Z. J., Desai, S., & Hessels, J. (2008). Entrepreneurship, economic development and institutions. Small business economics, 31(3), 219-234.
ADEYEMI, D. (2012). ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SMALL BUSINESS A CASE OF A DEVELOPING COUNTRY.
Bank, W. B. W. (2014). State and trends of carbon pricing 2014: World Bank Publications.
Bingwen, Z. (2011). Middle Income Trap" and China's Path to Development: In Perspective of International Experiences and Lessons [J]. Chinese Journal of Population Science, 1, 001.
Bjerke, B., & Hultman, C. (2004). Entrepreneurial marketing: The growth of small firms in the new economic era: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Breisinger, C., Diao, X., & Thurlow, J. (2009). Modeling growth options and structural change to reach middle income country status: The case of Ghana. Economic Modelling, 26(2), 514-525.
Cantillon, R. (1755). Essai sur la nature du commerce en général (Vol. 29): chez Fletcher Gyles.
Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing grounded theory: Sage.
Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory.
Council, n. R. (2013). Education for life and work: Developing transferable knowledge and skills in the 21st century: National Academies Press.
Drucker, P. (2014). Innovation and entrepreneurship: Routledge.
Friend, M. P., & Cook, L. (1992). Interactions: Collaboration skills for school professionals: Longman New York.
Glaser, B. G., & Holton, J. (2004). Remodeling grounded theory. Paper presented at the Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research.
Gunawan, A. A. (2014). Preliminary study of classifying indonesian entrepreneurs. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 115, 243-250.
Hafeez, K., Zhang, Y., & Malak, N. (2002). Core competence for sustainable competitive advantage: A structured methodology for identifying core competence. IEEE transactions on engineering management, 49(1), 28-35.
Hamid, W. W., Saman, M. M., & Saud, M. (2012). Exploring factors influencing the transfer of training using a grounded theory study: Issues and research agenda. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 56, 662-672.
Hassan, T. M. R. T., Yaacob, M. R., & Abdullatiff, N. K. (2014). Sustaining SMEs wood-based product manufacturing through best practices–The case of indigenous entrepreneurs in Kelantan. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 115, 221-234.
Hazlina Ahmad, N., Ramayah, T., Wilson, C., & Kummerow, L. (2010). Is entrepreneurial competency and business success relationship contingent upon business environment? A study of Malaysian SMEs. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 16(3), 182-203.
Hughes, J., & Jones, S. (2003). Reflections on the use of grounded theory in interpretive information systems research. ECIS 2003 Proceedings, 62.
Jamali, D. (2009). Constraints and opportunities facing women entrepreneurs in developing countries: A relational perspective. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 24(4), 232-251.
Kirby, D. A. (2004). Entrepreneurship education: can business schools meet the challenge? Education+ training, 46(8/9), 510-519.
Kivirist, L., & Ivanko, J. (2008). ECOpreneuring: Putting Purpose and the Planet Before Profits: New Society Publishers.
Landstrom, H. (1999). The roots of entrepreneurship research. New England Journal of Entrepreneurship, 2(2), 9.
Lee, J.-S., & Hsieh, C.-J. (2010). A research in relating entrepreneurship, marketing capability, innovative capability and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Business & Economics Research, 8(9), 109.
Li, X. (2009). Entrepreneurial competencies as an entrepreneurial distinctive: An examination of the competency approach in defining entrepreneurs.
Man, T. W., Lau, T., & Chan, K. (2002). The competitiveness of small and medium enterprises: A conceptualization with focus on entrepreneurial competencies. Journal of business venturing, 17(2), 123-142.
McMullen, J. S., & Shepherd, D. A. (2006). Entrepreneurial action and the role of uncertainty in the theory of the entrepreneur. Academy of Management review, 31(1), 132-152.
Naudé, W. (2010). Entrepreneurship, developing countries, and development economics: new approaches and insights. Small business economics, 34(1), 1-12.
Navale, A. B. (2013). Developing entrepreneur skills for corporate work. Research Directions, 1(4).
Niosi, J. (2002). National systems of innovations are “x-efficientâ€(and x-effective): Why some are slow learners. Research policy, 31(2), 291-302.
Parker, L. D., & Roffey, B. H. (1997). Methodological themes: back to the drawing board: revisiting grounded theory and the everyday accountant’s and manager’s reality. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 10(2), 212-247.
Patton, M. Q. (2005). Qualitative research: Wiley Online Library.
Porter, M. E. (1990). The competitive advantage of nations: New York: Free Press.
Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2002). The competitive advantage of corporate philanthropy. Harvard business review, 80(12), 56-68.
Quaye, A. K., Hall, C. A., & Luzadis, V. A. (2010). Agricultural land use efficiency and food crop production in Ghana. Environment, development and sustainability, 12(6), 967-983.
Raposo, M., & Do Paço, A. (2011). Entrepreneurship education: Relationship between education and entrepreneurial activity. Psicothema, 23(3), 453-457.
Richomme-Huet, K., & De Freyman, J. (2011). What sustainable entrepreneurship looks like: An exploratory study from a student perspective. Paper presented at the ICSB World Conference Proceedings.
Rihova, I., Buhalis, D., Moital, M., & Gouthro, M. B. (2015). Conceptualising customerâ€toâ€customer value coâ€creation in tourism. International Journal of Tourism Research, 17(4), 356-363.
Rostow, W. W. (1960). TheStagesofEconomicGrowth. A non-communist manifesto. Cambridge/Mass.
Sahoo, M. P., Kalyani, M., & Hathy, P. R. (2014). Socio-Psychological Correlations with Tribal Entrepreneurships in the SC & ST Community Development of Mayurbhanj and Rayagada district of Orissa (India). International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management, 3(1), 193-203.
Sapir, A. (2003). An Agenda for a Growing Europe: Making the EU Economic System Deliver: Report of an Independent High-level Study Group Established on the Initiative of the President of the European Communities: European Commission.
Sarwoko, E., Surachman, A., & Hadiwidjojo, D. (2013). Entrepreneurial characteristics and competency as determinants of business performance in SMEs. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 7(3), 31-38.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2003). Selecting samples. Research methods for business students, 3.
Say, J. B. (1997). An Economist in Troubled Times: Writings: Tor/Forge.
Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The theory of economic development: An inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest, and the business cycle (Vol. 55): Transaction publishers.
Shane, S. (2009). Why encouraging more people to become entrepreneurs is bad public policy. Small business economics, 33(2), 141-149.
Small, J., Melewar, T., Yin Wong, H., & Merrilees, B. (2007). Multiple roles for branding in international marketing. International Marketing Review, 24(4), 384-408.
Spencer, L. M., & Spencer, P. S. M. (2008). Competence at Work models for superior performance: John Wiley & Sons.
Swee, G. K. (2013). The practice of economic growth: Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd.
Tan, J. (2010). Grounded theory in practice: issues and discussion for new qualitative researchers. Journal of Documentation, 66(1), 93-112.
Teece, D. J. (2007). Explicating dynamic capabilities: the nature and microfoundations of (sustainable) enterprise performance. Strategic management journal, 28(13), 1319-1350.
Toporek, R. L., Lewis, J. A., & Crethar, H. C. (2009). Promoting systemic change through the ACA advocacy competencies. Journal of Counseling & Development, 87(3), 260-268.
Unicef. (2014). WHO & The World Bank. 2012. Levels and trends in child malnutrition: Joint child malnutrition estimates.
<Value chain guava.pdf>.
Van Kleef, J., & Roome, N. (2007). Developing capabilities and competence for sustainable business management as innovation: a research agenda. Journal of Cleaner Production, 15(1), 38-51.
Verheul, I., Wennekers, S., Audretsch, D., & Thurik, R. (2002). An eclectic theory of entrepreneurship: policies, institutions and culture Entrepreneurship: Determinants and policy in a European-US comparison (pp. 11-81): Springer.
Walls, P., Parahoo, K., & Fleming, P. (2010). The role and place of knowledge and literature in grounded theory: Paula Walls, Kader Parahoo and Paul Fleming discuss how novice researchers can justify the use of grounded theory while avoiding breaking any of its tenets. Nurse Researcher, 17(4), 8-17.
Walsham, G. (2006). Doing interpretive research. European journal of information systems, 15(3), 320-330.
WHO, U. (1990). UNFPA, & The World Bank.(2012). Trends in maternal mortality, 2010.
Wu, B., & Knott, A. M. (2006). Entrepreneurial risk and market entry. Management science, 52(9), 1315-1330.
Zereyesus, Y. A., Ross, K. L., Amanor-Boadu, V., & Dalton, T. J. (2014). Baseline feed the future indicators for northern Ghana 2012. Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 33.
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Published
2018-04-07
How to Cite
Dodor, A. (2018). The Use of Grounded Theory to evaluate the Interactive Effect of Farmer Entrepreneur and Economic Development of Ghana. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT &Amp; INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, 13, 3207–3221. https://doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v13i1.7191
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