TY - JOUR AU - Hussain, Nageen AU - Mahwish, Mahwish PY - 2014/07/20 Y2 - 2024/03/29 TI - Levels of B2-Microglobulin and Association of ACE Gene I/D Polymorphism with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients JF - JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY JA - JBT VL - 3 IS - 3 SE - Articles DO - 10.24297/jbt.v3i3.5027 UR - https://rajpub.com/index.php/jbt/article/view/5027 SP - 248-255 AB - <p><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Background</span></strong></p><p>Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic ailment which is an outcome of defect in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The <em>ACE</em>gene systematizes Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) and is the most profoundly studied gene because of its crucial role in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The insertion/ deletion (I/D) of a 287bp long Alu repetitive sequence in intron 16 is responsible for three genotypes, DD and II homozygotes and ID heterozygotes.ACE levels differ in carriers with respect to their genotype; DD carriers have twice the levels of ACE than that found in II genotype individuals. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the association of<em>ACE</em> gene I/Dpolymorphism in Pakistani Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients primarily from Lahore.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong>Hundred patients (T2DM) and fifty healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The <em>ACE</em> I/D polymorphism, located in intron 16, was analyzed by a triple primer method called nested-PCR and subsequently the results were analyzed by gel electrophoresis.Urine samples were also collected from patients suffering from diabetic nephropathy for the determination of beta-2 microglobulin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The frequency of <em>ACE </em>genotypes DD, ID and II among the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was found to be 76%, 10%, 14% whereas in control subjects, 38% , 4% , 8% respectively. Other clinical parameters like blood sugar level and body mass index were also evaluated to find an association with genotype. The findings showed a non-significant association of ACE genotype with Blood Sugar Level (BSL) and Body Mass Index (BMI).Of the hundred T2DM patients enrolled in the study ten (10%) were of diabetic nephropathy. Beta-2-microglobulin was measured in the urine of these patients as well as healthy controls. A significant association between B<sub>2-</sub>microglobulin and T2DM was found by Fischers exact test. Serum creatinine values were noted and correlation was found. The results showed a positive correlation but non-significant between creatinine and beta-2-microglobulin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>In the present study, no significant association was found between <em>ACE </em>gene I/D polymorphism and T2DM. Gender of the T2DM patients showed null effect on genotype. Other clinical parameters like blood sugar level and body mass index also revealed a non-significant association with the <em>ACE </em>gene genotype.</p> ER -