THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE STABILITY PROBLEM OF RESHA GENERATION PLANT IN JORDAN

This study, discuss the stability problem of Resha generation plant. The length of the transmission line which connect Resha with Haranah station, decrease the power transferred capacity that increase the risk of transient disturbance on the system, especially when the generators loaded at full load. Beside that several solutions were suggest in order to improve system stability and raise the capacity of transmitted power. General Terms Power Stability Indexing terms Stability, generation, energy sector, electricity Academic Discipline and Sub-Disciplines Provide examples of relevant academic disciplines for this journal: E.g., History; Education; Sociology; Psychology; Cultural Studies; SUBJECT CLASSIFICATION Engineering Council for Innovative Research International Journal of Computers & Technology www.cirworld.com Volume 4 No. 2, March-April, 2013, ISSN 2277-3061 427 | P a g e w w w . i j c t o n l i e . c o m INTRODUCTION Energy and electricity in Jordan The year 2011 is considered the most difficult year for the energy and electricity sector in Jordan due to the current political conditions in the region which in turn mainly contributed to increasing challenges facing this sector since Jordan imports more than (97%) of its oil needs and that about (80%) of electric power generated in Jordan depends on the natural gas imported from Egypt which in turn has witnessed a great reversion this year, where daily supply rate has amounted to about (92) million cubic feet, while the regular need of Jordan is about (255) million cubic feet. This required operating power plants using heavy fuel and diesel to meet electric power demand. In spite of these challenges, energy sector in Jordan has been able to continue its achievements and keep pace with recent and rapid developments by meeting the growing demand for different energy sources in general and electric power in particular. However, it has become urgent to find the appropriate solutions to face this fact in the light of the comprehensive national strategy of energy sector and the future vision derived from it which includes the need to utilize local energy sources depending on oil shale, uranium, use nuclear energy instead of oil to generate electric power, increase renewable energy sources projects, reinforce regional interconnection projects, and create opportunities for the private sector to invest in infrastructure projects of energy sector. This strategy seeks to increase reliance on local and renewable energy from (4%) in the current year to (13%) in 2016, then to (39%) in 2020 [1-5]. Power Sector Organization As shown in Figure 1 the power sector in Jordan is consisting from the following: 2.1 National Electric Power Company (NEPCO) National Electric Power Company is considered to become the natural and legal successor to Jordan Electricity Authority. NEPCO’s activities include the following: To plan, construct, develop, operate and maintain the power system To purchase electrical energy from various sources and sell it to distribution companies and large consumers (Single Buyer) To procure natural gas for power stations. To maintain a safe and economic operation of the power system. To import and export of electric power. 2.2 Central Electricity Generating Company (CEGCO) The operation of the Central Electricity Generating Company (CEGCO) started on 1/1/1999 as a public company stemming from the governmental policies related to restructuring the electrical sector. On September 20th, 2007 CEGCO was privatized. CEGCO currently owns about 1600 MW of generation capacity and its activities include power generation, operation and maintenance of their power plants. 2.3 Samra Electric Power Generation Company (SEPGCO) Samra Electric Power Generating Company (SEPGCO) was established and owned by the Jordan government in August 27th, 2003. Expanding Samra Power Plant (third phase) project was completed, by adding two gas turbines with capacity of (142) MW for each, operated by simple cycle system where the total generating capacity of the plant has become about (884) MW. It is expected to add a steam turbine with capacity of (142) MW by 2015 where the total generating capacity of the plant will become about (1026) MW. 2.4 Independent power provider (IPP) A 300MW independent power provider (IPP) of Amman east power plant was completed in 2009. The next 300 MW stage is expected to be operated in 2010. A second 380 MW IPP will be established at AL-Qatranah Electrical Power Company. 2.5 Jordan Electric Power Company (JEPCO) Jordan Electric Company (JEPCO) was established by the private sector in 1938. JEPCO is an electricity distribution company with a concession that covers the central part of Jordan. The concession gives the rights to JEPCO to distribute electricity in an area that includes major cities such as Amman, Zarqa, Salt and Madaba. 2.6 Irbid District Electricity Company (IDECO) Irbid District electricity Company (IDECO) was established in 1957. It is operating under concession agreement and electricity license which granted IDECO the exclusive right to distribute, and supply electricity in the northern region of Jordan, which include Irbid, Jarash, Ajloun and parts of Balqa district. 2.7 Electricity Distribution Company (EDCO) Electricity Distribution Company (EDCO) was established in 1998 as a public shareholding company. The company operates under concession law which granted EDCO the exclusive right to distribute and supply electricity in the southern region of Jordan. EDCO was privatized in 2008 by selling 100 percent of its shares to Kingdome Electricity Company (KEC) which is owned by Dubai Capital Company. Council for Innovative Research International Journal of Computers & Technology www.cirworld.com Volume 4 No. 2, March-April, 2013, ISSN 2277-3061 428 | P a g e w w w . i j c t o n l i e . c o m Fig 1: A plan explain Jordanian power sector organization 3. Electric power statistics The Table 1 below shows the peak load and electricity energy consumption in Jordan for the period 2008-2011. The Table shows also the installed capacity and energy generation for the same period. The total peak load in the kingdom reached to 2680 mw at 2011 compared to 2560 mw in 2010 with a growth of 4.7%. The generating and imported energy in the Kingdom amounted to 16385 GWh in 2011 with an annual growth rate of 6.1%. The total generated energy in the kingdom amounted to (14647) GWh in 2011 with an annual growth rate of negative (0.9%). Electricity consumption in the Kingdom amounted to 13534.9 GWh in the year 2011 against 12857.4 GWh in 2010, with an annual increase of 5.3%. The average electricity consumption capita was 2167 KWh in 2011 against 2103 KWh in 2010 with a growth rate of 3.0 %. As shown in Figure 2and 3 respectively [6-10]. Table 1: peak load and electricity energy consumption in Jordan


INTRODUCTION
Energy and electricity in Jordan The year 2011 is considered the most difficult year for the energy and electricity sector in Jordan due to the current political conditions in the region which in turn mainly contributed to increasing challenges facing this sector since Jordan imports more than (97%) of its oil needs and that about (80%) of electric power generated in Jordan depends on the natural gas imported from Egypt which in turn has witnessed a great reversion this year, where daily supply rate has amounted to about (92) million cubic feet, while the regular need of Jordan is about (255) million cubic feet. This required operating power plants using heavy fuel and diesel to meet electric power demand. In spite of these challenges, energy sector in Jordan has been able to continue its achievements and keep pace with recent and rapid developments by meeting the growing demand for different energy sources in general and electric power in particular. However, it has become urgent to find the appropriate solutions to face this fact in the light of the comprehensive national strategy of energy sector and the future vision derived from it which includes the need to utilize local energy sources depending on oil shale, uranium, use nuclear energy instead of oil to generate electric power, increase renewable energy sources projects, reinforce regional interconnection projects, and create opportunities for the private sector to invest in infrastructure projects of energy sector. This strategy seeks to increase reliance on local and renewable energy from (4%) in the current year to (13%) in 2016, then to (39%) in 2020 [1-5].

Power Sector Organization
As shown in Figure 1 the power sector in Jordan is consisting from the following: 2.1 National Electric Power Company (NEPCO) National Electric Power Company is considered to become the natural and legal successor to Jordan Electricity Authority. NEPCO's activities include the following: To plan, construct, develop, operate and maintain the power system To purchase electrical energy from various sources and sell it to distribution companies and large consumers (Single Buyer) To procure natural gas for power stations.
To maintain a safe and economic operation of the power system. To import and export of electric power.

Central Electricity Generating Company (CEGCO)
The operation of the Central Electricity Generating Company (CEGCO) started on 1/1/1999 as a public company stemming from the governmental policies related to restructuring the electrical sector. On September 20th, 2007 CEGCO was privatized. CEGCO currently owns about 1600 MW of generation capacity and its activities include power generation, operation and maintenance of their power plants.

Electric power statistics
The Table 1    MW gross, each generating 11 KV, which will increase the voltage to 132 kV by transformer stations to raise the voltage.
All details of these generators are in Table 2. km away from Resha station. And Safawi station which located 116 km away from Rwaished. The natural gas is the main fuel used. Gas resources varied between Egyptian gas and from production wells RH-3 and RH-6. At the gas plant the well stream is treated to produce gas suitable for use as turbine fuel for the 60MW power generation. The treatment includes pressure reduction, liquid separation and glycol dehydrations. The treated gas is then transported to the power station situated 3.5km from the gas plant, via a 10 inch pipeline. With expectations to increase gas production from Resha gas wells, an additional generator unit is planned to be added to increase the total capacity to 160MW. clearing of distance relay generally between (80-120) ms. In this study 120ms clearing time is used to assume the worst case.

Swing curves
In determining the maximum power can be generated without losing stability several runs must be made. The first run was made at 80MW. If the system is stable, another run was made at new power level. This procedure kept until the run showed the system to be unstable. At this point of study, solution which improves stability must be added each solution separately in each case, and new runs are made until reach the new generated power limit. Each solution was added individually to study its effect separately from other cases. It worth mentioning that the run assume a steady state period for 1 st at t =1, three phase short circuit happened and cleared after120ms by getting transmission line out of service. The whole period of simulation is 20 s. In the first run the total generated power is 80 MW, distributed on four generators, 20 MW for each as shown in Figure 4.
The simulation show that when a three phase short circuit fault occurred on the transmission line at t=1 s and cleared after 120ms, the swing curve in Figure 5, shows that the system stay stable and the oscillation damped after short period. So anther run was made at 100MW. The second run at 100MW presented in Figure 6, shows that the system still stable.
Another run at 105 MW was executed. The swing curve in Figure 3 shows that the system is stable. But it is obvious that the system couldn't back to steady state fast enough. The oscillation is higher than in the previous cases. Next the value was raised up to 110 MW the swing curve display that stability is lost. From speed curve in Figure 7, it can be seen that the rotor accelerated rapidly and out of step. In this case, one generation unit was dropped, In addition to switch out transmission line. Technically speaking, generator tripping reduces the kinetic energy and consequently decreasing the power transfer among the critical intermediates in the transmission network. Swing curve Figure 8 at normal condition show the system was unstable when it loaded at 110MW.
when it run at the same load condition and three phase short circuit fault occurred on the transmission line at t=1 s and cleared after 120ms, is explained by a decrease in the value of power. It is clearly at Figure 9, the stability is missing, it's mean this method, dropping one unit, is suitable until load equal to 130MW. w w w . i j c t o n l i e . c o m

Conclusion
The problem that we are concerned is the stability in Resha, if a disturbance occurs. The length of the transmission line between Resha station and Haraneh station enhance this problem, which reduces the power transmitted capacity and