Levels of Toxic Metals in Skin Lightening Agents Marketed in Nigeria

Authors

  • Moses Olayemi Akiibinu Caleb University Lagos
  • Olutola Bob Soile Caleb University Lagos
  • Lilian Esther Akinade Caleb University Lagos
  • Susan Olufunmilayo Akiibinu University College Hospital

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24297/jac.v16i0.8317

Keywords:

Toxic Metals, Skin Lightening Agents, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Bleaching agents produced by registered companies in developed countries have regulated concentrations. But various local skin lightening agents produced in Africa, especially Nigeria have no identified active agent. This study determined the levels of potentially toxic heavy metals constituents of bleaching agents commonly used by Nigerians. Methods: Twelve different types of skin lightening creams (Extra white, Make me white, Extract, Perfect white, UV lightening, Pure skin, Body treat, Dodo up, Bronze tone, White express, Peau Claire and Otentika) available Nigerian markets were randomly collected based on their usage and availability. Three non- lightening creams served as the controls for this study. Levels of mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium and arsenic were determined in both lightening and non- lightening creams (controls) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Results: All lightening creams 12/12 (100%) contained significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of mercury compared with the control. 11/12 (91.7%) of the lightening creams contained significantly (p>0.05) higher levels of lead compared with the control. Levels of arsenic were significantly (p<0.05) higher in 11/12 (91.7%) of the lightening creams compared with control. Levels of cadmium increase significantly (p<0.05) in 4/12 (22.92%) of the lightening creams compared with the control. 4/12 (22.92%) of the lightening creams contained significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of chromium compared with control.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Olutola Bob Soile, Caleb University Lagos

 Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Caleb University Lagos, Nigeria

Lilian Esther Akinade, Caleb University Lagos

Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Caleb University Lagos, Nigeria

Susan Olufunmilayo Akiibinu, University College Hospital

Department of Nursing Services, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

 

Downloads

Published

2019-07-01

How to Cite

Akiibinu, M. O., Bob Soile, O., Akinade, L. E., & Akiibinu, S. O. (2019). Levels of Toxic Metals in Skin Lightening Agents Marketed in Nigeria. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY, 16, 5375–5378. https://doi.org/10.24297/jac.v16i0.8317

Issue

Section

Articles